| Topic: |
Religions > Atheism |
| User: |
"" |
| Date: |
08 May 2004 11:04:41 AM |
| Object: |
1st Amend.- A Mystery |
A MYSTERY
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http://www.barefootsworld.net/consti11.html
It is of great interest to note that in the ensuing years since this
Amendment was ratified that in the wording of the First Amendment, the
third of the first twelve Amendment proposals, that in the true bill
submitted to the states for ratification "Congress shall make no law
respecting the establishment of religion, . . . " , not " . . . an
establishment of religion, . . . " The word "THE" is definitely more
"declaratory and restrictive" than "AN". This fraudulent deception has
allowed misconstruction of a very explicit restriction on the legislatures
and the government. This changed wording appears in virtually all
presentations of the 1st Amendment today, including the official NARA
presentation. It was correctly presented in history books prior to the
Civil War. The correct wording as presented to the States for ratification
is shown in this image of the "True Bill". See the discussion of the first
twelve Amendment proposals.
http://www.barefootsworld.net/consti11.html
TRUE BILL
http://www.barefootsworld.net/images/billofrt.jpg
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The Original United States Bill of Rights as ratified by the several States
http://216.239.41.104/search?q=cache:wCB4zQhvlAsJ:www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/Senate/9526/bor1.html+true+bill++bill+of+rights+presented+to+the+states+for+ratification&hl=en
http://makeashorterlink.com/?J5C032E38
Image:
http://www.usconstitution.net/gifs/docs/bor.jpg
----------------------------------------------------------------
Here’s how the First Amendment evolved. Madison’s proposal for the
free speech and free press clauses, on June 8th: “The people shall not be
deprived or abridged of their right to speak, to write or to publish their
sentiments; and the freedom of the press, as one of the great bulwarks of
liberty, shall be inviolable.”
On July 28th, the House Committee of Eleven changed this to read: “The
freedom of speech, and of the press, and the right of the people peaceably
to assemble and consult for their common good, and to apply to the
government for redress of grievances, shall not be infringed.”
This became a House Resolution on August 24th: “The Freedom of Speech,
and of the Press, and the right of the People peaceably to assemble, and
consult for their common good, and to apply to the Government for a redress
of grievances, shall not be infringed.”
By September 4th, the Senate had changed the wording as follows: “That
Congress shall make no law, abridging the freedom of speech, or of the
press, or the right of the People peaceably to assemble and consult for
their common good, and to petition the Government for a redress of
grievances.”
The Senate Resolution was voted on September 9th: “Congress shall make
no law establishing articles of faith, or a mode of worship, or prohibiting
the free exercise of religion, or abridging the freedom of speech, or of
the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to
petition to the government for a redress of grievances.”
Then came “Further House Consideration” and “Further Senate
Consideration” (September 21st) and the Conference Committee Report
(September 24th). The Conference Committee Report endorsed the following:
“Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of Religion, or
prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of Speech,
or of the Press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble and to
petition the Government for a redress of grievances.” With a few minor
changes (dropping capitalization for “Religion,” “Speech” and “Press”) this
became the version presented to the states for ratification. Alternative
versions were considered at state conventions in Maryland, Massachusetts,
New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island and Virginia, but they
were voted down.
http://www.libertystory.net/LSUNFORGETBATTLEFORBILLRIGHTS.htm
[It would be interesting to find out more about those "alternative"
versions. How they came into being, who was responsible, what the wording
was and why they came into being.]
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First Twelve Articles of Amendment
http://www.usconstitution.net/first12.html
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SOME ONE IS PLAYING GAMES HERE:
RECALL TIME IN ALABAMA
http://www.southernindependentparty.com/recalltime.htm
[EXCERPT]
It is of great interest to note that in the ensuing years since this
Amendment was ratified that in the wording of the First Amendment, the
third of the first twelve Amendment proposals, that in the true bill
submitted to the states for ratification "Congress shall make no law
respecting the establishment of religion, . . . " , not " . . . an
establishment of religion, . . . " The word "THE" is definitely more
"declaratory and restrictive" than "AN". This fraudulent deception has
allowed misconstruction of a very explicit restriction on the legislatures
and the government. This changed wording appears in virtually all
presentations of the 1st Amendment today, including the official NARA
presentation. It was correctly presented in history books prior to the
Civil War. The correct wording as presented to the States for ratification
is shown in the original "True Bill". There are also records of the several
States in their discussion of the first twelve Amendment proposals. For
example:
In New Hampshire's Ratification Document with their Amendment
Recommendations, they list as one of the recommendations: "CONGRESS shall
make no laws touching Religion or to infringe the rights of Conscience."
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The ratification document being referred to above was the ratification of
the Constitutiion, not any reference to the ratification of the Ten
ArticLes (Amendments) but who ever put that together didn't clarify that,
in fact they left the implication it was the ratification of the Amendments
with ths comment
". . . There are also records of the several States in their discussion of
the first twelve Amendment proposals. For example:
In New Hampshire's Ratification Document with their Amendment
Recommendations, they list as one of the recommendations: 'CONGRESS shall
make no laws touching Religion or to infringe the rights of Conscience.' "
Another problem is, Prof. Leonard W. Levy states that there are next to
zilch in the form of historical records of any of the state ratification
debates regarding those amendments:
Little or no new light on the meaning of the establishment clause derives
from the deliberations of the state legislatures to which the amendments to
the Constitution were submitted for ratification. Records of state debates
are nonexistent; private correspondence, newspapers, and tracts provide no
help.
The admission of Vermont to the Union made necessary the ratification by
eleven states. Nine approved the Bill of Rights within six months. The four
recalcitrant states that by mid-1790 had not yet taken action on the
proposed amendments were Virginia, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Georgia;
indeed, the last three states took no action until 1939 when, on the
sesquicentennial anniversary of the Constitution, they belatedly ratified
the Bill of Rights .2o
2o. David M. Matteson, "The Organization of the Government under the
Constitution," in History of the Formation of the Union under the
Constitution, directed by Sol Bloom (Washington, D.C., 1943), pp. 316-19.
Robert A. Rutland, The Birth of the Bill of Rights, 1776-1791 (Chapel Hill,
N.C., 19 5 5), pp, 213- 18; Bernard Schwartz, ed., The Bill of Rights A
Documentary History, 2 vols. (New York, 1971), 2:1171-1203, conveniently
collects the primary sources on ratification.
p. 106
There is a little bit of information pertaining to the Virginia battle to
ratify the Amendments which was drawn out for two years, but only a very
small amount. See The Establishment Clause, Religion and the First
Amendment, Leonard W. Levy Second Edition, Revised, The University of
North Carolina Press, (1994) pp 105-111
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION: It was stated above:
.. . . that in the true bill submitted to the states for ratification
"Congress shall make no law respecting the establishment of religion, . . .
" , not " . . . an establishment of religion, . . . " The word "THE" is
definitely more "declaratory and restrictive" than "AN". This fraudulent
deception has allowed misconstruction of a very explicit restriction on the
legislatures and the government. This changed wording appears in virtually
all presentations of the 1st Amendment today, including the official NARA
presentation. It was correctly presented in history books prior to the
Civil War.
However, we find the following at various dates:
http://press-pubs.uchicago.edu/founders/documents/amendI_religions58.html
Amendment I (Religion) Document 58
Thomas Jefferson to Danbury Baptist Association
1 Jan. 1802Writings 16:281
Believing with you that religion is a matter which lies solely between man
and his God, that he owes account to none other for his faith or his
worship, that the legislative powers of government reach actions only, and
not opinions, I contemplate with sovereign reverence that act of the whole
American people which declared that their legislature should "make no law
respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise
thereof," . . .
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
http://press-pubs.uchicago.edu/founders/documents/amendI_religions61.html
Amendment I (Religion) Document 61
House of Representatives, Returned Bill
21, 23 Feb. 1811Annals 22:982--85, 995, 997
[21 Feb. 1811]
A Message was received from the President of the United States, by Mr.
Edward Coles, his Secretary, who, by command of the President, returned to
the House the bill passed by the two Houses entitled "An act incorporating
the Protestant Episcopal Church in the town of Alexandria, in the District
of Columbia," and presented to the President for his approbation and
signature, on Thursday the fourteenth instant, to which bill the President
having made objections, the same were also delivered in by the said
Secretary, who then withdrew.
The objections were read, and ordered to be entered at large on the
Journal, as follows:
To the House of Representatives of the United States:
James Madison
February 21, 1811.
Mr. Bassett suggested the reference of the Message to a select committee.
The Speaker conceived that the article on the Constitution on this subject
required that the House should proceed to a reconsideration of the bill.
On motion of Mr. Pitkin, the House proceeded to reconsider the bill.
The Message was again read, as also was the following clause of the
Constitution:
"Every bill which shall have passed the House of Representatives and
the Senate, shall, before it becomes a law, be presented to the President
of the United States; if he approve, he shall sign it; but if not, he shall
return it, with his objections, to that House in which it shall have
originated, who shall enter the objections at large on their Journal, and
proceed to reconsider it. If, after such reconsideration, two-thirds of
that House shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with
the objections, to the other House, by which it shall likewise be
reconsidered, and, if approved by two-thirds of that House, it shall become
a law."
Mr. Randolph asked whether a motion for indefinite postponement would, in
the opinion of the Speaker, lie in this case?
The Speaker believed not.
The following article of the Constitution was then read by request:
"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or
prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech,
or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to
petition the Government for a redress of grievances."
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
http://press-pubs.uchicago.edu/founders/documents/amendI_religions67.html
Amendment I (Religion) Document 67
William Rawle, A View of the Constitution of the United States 121--23 1829
(2d ed.)
The first amendment prohibits congress from passing any law respecting an
establishment of religion, or preventing the free exercise of it. It would
be difficult to conceive on what possible construction of the Constitution
such a power could ever be claimed by congress.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
So we can't speak for history books, but based on the above exanples, the
word "AN" was common, not the word "THE."
.
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