Chimpanzee culture confirmed



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Topic: Religions > Atheism
User: "Gregory Gadow"
Date: 22 Aug 2005 09:24:45 AM
Object: Chimpanzee culture confirmed
Chimpanzee culture 'confirmed'
By Helen Briggs
BBC News science reporter
Primate experts say they have proven that chimpanzees, like humans, show
social conformity.
By training captive chimps to use tools in different ways, they have
shown experimentally that primates develop cultural traditions through
imitation.
This has long been suspected from observations in the wild, but has not
been shown directly.
It suggests that culture has ancient origins, scientists write in
Nature.
The study was carried out by a team at the University of St Andrews in
the UK and the National Primate Research Center of Emory University in
Atlanta, US.
They presented two different groups of chimps with a problem relevant to
their wild cousins: how to retrieve an item of food stuck behind a
blockage in a system of tubes.
One chimpanzee from each group was secretly taught a novel way to solve
the problem. Ericka was taught how to use a stick to lift the blockage
up so that the food fell out.
Another female chimp, Georgia, was shown how to poke at the blockage so
that the ball of food rolled out of the back of the pipes.
Each chimp was then reunited with its group, and the scientists watched
how they behaved.
They found that the chimps gathered around Ericka or Georgia and soon
copied their behaviour. By the end of two months, the two different
groups were still using their own way of getting at the food and two
distinct cultural traditions had been established.
"This is the first time that any scientist has experimentally created
two different traditions in any primate," Professor Andrew Whiten of the
University of St Andrews told the BBC News website.
"Moreover it is the first time anyone has ever done this with tool use
in any animal."
The article continues at http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/4166756.stm
--
Gregory Gadow
techbear@serv.net
http://www.serv.net/~techbear
"Without faith we might relapse into scientific or rational thinking,
which leads by a slippery slope toward constitutional democracy."
- Robert Anton Wilson
.

User: "VoiceOfReason"

Title: Re: Chimpanzee culture confirmed 24 Aug 2005 11:32:23 AM
Gregory Gadow wrote:

Chimpanzee culture 'confirmed'

Primate experts say they have proven that chimpanzees, like humans, show
social conformity.

They watch the 700 Club too?
.

User: "Budikka666"

Title: Re: Chimpanzee culture confirmed 24 Aug 2005 06:02:21 PM
Gregory Gadow wrote:

Chimpanzee culture 'confirmed'
By Helen Briggs
BBC News science reporter

Primate experts say they have proven that chimpanzees, like humans, show
social conformity.

By training captive chimps to use tools in different ways, they have
shown experimentally that primates develop cultural traditions through
imitation.

This has long been suspected from observations in the wild, but has not
been shown directly.

It suggests that culture has ancient origins, scientists write in
Nature.

The study was carried out by a team at the University of St Andrews in
the UK and the National Primate Research Center of Emory University in
Atlanta, US.

They presented two different groups of chimps with a problem relevant to
their wild cousins: how to retrieve an item of food stuck behind a
blockage in a system of tubes.

One chimpanzee from each group was secretly taught a novel way to solve
the problem. Ericka was taught how to use a stick to lift the blockage
up so that the food fell out.

Another female chimp, Georgia, was shown how to poke at the blockage so
that the ball of food rolled out of the back of the pipes.

Each chimp was then reunited with its group, and the scientists watched
how they behaved.

They found that the chimps gathered around Ericka or Georgia and soon
copied their behaviour. By the end of two months, the two different
groups were still using their own way of getting at the food and two
distinct cultural traditions had been established.

"This is the first time that any scientist has experimentally created
two different traditions in any primate," Professor Andrew Whiten of the
University of St Andrews told the BBC News website.

"Moreover it is the first time anyone has ever done this with tool use
in any animal."


The article continues at http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/4166756.stm

--
Gregory Gadow
techbear@serv.net
http://www.serv.net/~techbear

"Without faith we might relapse into scientific or rational thinking,
which leads by a slippery slope toward constitutional democracy."
- Robert Anton Wilson

That puts 'em ahead of the creation IDiots....
Budikka
.

User: "Cyde Weys"

Title: Re: Chimpanzee culture confirmed 22 Aug 2005 09:35:15 AM
Gregory Gadow wrote:

Chimpanzee culture 'confirmed'
By Helen Briggs
BBC News science reporter

Primate experts say they have proven that chimpanzees, like humans, show
social conformity.

By training captive chimps to use tools in different ways, they have
shown experimentally that primates develop cultural traditions through
imitation.

[...snip...]
The more I learn of our closest hominid ancestors the more I am
impressed. A full-grown chimpanzee is the functional intellectual
equivalent of a two-year old human. And a two-year old human ain't
exactly stupid. A chimpanzee can be taught a vocabulary of hundreds of
words. Even though chimps don't have the vocal cords necessary for
speech, their brains are already wired for language and syntax. It's
truly amazing. Creationists will deny our relatedness to chimps by
saying that they don't really talk, they just mimic sign language
(although they actually do a lot more than just mimic it). If only
chimpanzees had the correct vocal setup (they already have the correct
brain setup), it would be impossible to deny that we are related to
them, as they would be capable of holding a conversation like a
two-year old!
Personally I think it's really mean to demean sign language as not
counting as communicating. It's what deaf people use and you don't say
that they are any less communicating than "normal" people. It's just
different; the same kinds of ideas are still being communicated. In
the same way it's not fair to trivialize that a chimpanzee can learn a
vocabulary of hundreds of words by saying, "Ohhh, those are just sign
language gestures, it's not really talking."
.
User: "Stanley Friesen"

Title: Re: Chimpanzee culture confirmed 23 Aug 2005 07:22:39 PM
"Cyde Weys" <cyde@umd.edu> wrote:


Gregory Gadow wrote:
... A chimpanzee can be taught a vocabulary of hundreds of
words. Even though chimps don't have the vocal cords necessary for
speech, their brains are already wired for language and syntax. It's
truly amazing. Creationists will deny our relatedness to chimps by
saying that they don't really talk, they just mimic sign language
(although they actually do a lot more than just mimic it). If only
chimpanzees had the correct vocal setup (they already have the correct
brain setup), it would be impossible to deny that we are related to
them, as they would be capable of holding a conversation like a
two-year old!

Personally I think it's really mean to demean sign language as not
counting as communicating.

Iwould not dream of doing so. The main difference between chimps and
*adult* humans is vocabulary size and "recursive" grammar - the latter
being more important.
But this is *also* about the level of a human 2-yr old - moderate
vocabulary, and simple juxtaposition for grammar.
--
The peace of God be with you.
Stanley Friesen
.
User: "Emma Pease"

Title: Re: Chimpanzee culture confirmed 23 Aug 2005 08:11:40 PM
In article <g9fng11pgtdam581175l6qp6sakog8v5l9@4ax.com>, Stanley Friesen wrote:

"Cyde Weys" <cyde@umd.edu> wrote:


Gregory Gadow wrote:
... A chimpanzee can be taught a vocabulary of hundreds of
words. Even though chimps don't have the vocal cords necessary for
speech, their brains are already wired for language and syntax. It's
truly amazing. Creationists will deny our relatedness to chimps by
saying that they don't really talk, they just mimic sign language
(although they actually do a lot more than just mimic it). If only
chimpanzees had the correct vocal setup (they already have the correct
brain setup), it would be impossible to deny that we are related to
them, as they would be capable of holding a conversation like a
two-year old!

Personally I think it's really mean to demean sign language as not
counting as communicating.


Iwould not dream of doing so. The main difference between chimps and
*adult* humans is vocabulary size and "recursive" grammar - the latter
being more important.

But this is *also* about the level of a human 2-yr old - moderate
vocabulary, and simple juxtaposition for grammar.

Actually in the case of Koko she does not use ASL as a human 2-yr old
in an ASL environment does.
"As a sample example, Anderson notes that all the apes who were taught
ASL did not develop the features of ASL that make it a language in the
human sense, i.e., morphological and syntactic features: he points out
however that they were taught whatever ASL they learnt by people for
whom ASL was a more or less badly learnt foreign language rather than
their mother tongue and who did not themselves exemplify those crucial
morphosyntactic features. This does not mean that the apes could learn
ASL in the strict sense (as spoken by deaf people), but it does show,
as Anderson clearly says, that the design of the experiments was
certainly not optimal if the goal was, as advertised, to show that
apes could master human language."
....
"Another doubtful area concerns the type of combinations that the
animals produced: none of them seem to approach anything like syntax,
neither do these utterances manifest displacement, other than in
relation to food."
....
From a book review of Stephen Anderson's "Doctor Dolittle's Delusion"
(Yale, 2004) by Anne Reboul
http://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/wa?A2=ind0503B&L=linguist&P=R5484
The full review is quite interesting, the book seems very useful for
those interested in the topic. The book's author is a respected Yale
linguist.
Also from a popular point of view
http://www.straightdope.com/columns/030328.html
Emma
ps. Koko's website bibliography is at
http://www.koko.org/foundation/bibliography.html
--
\----
|\* | Emma Pease Net Spinster
|_\/ Die Luft der Freiheit weht
.


User: "Noone Inparticular"

Title: Re: Chimpanzee culture confirmed 22 Aug 2005 01:44:37 PM
Cyde Weys wrote:

Gregory Gadow wrote:

Chimpanzee culture 'confirmed'
By Helen Briggs
BBC News science reporter

Primate experts say they have proven that chimpanzees, like humans, show
social conformity.

By training captive chimps to use tools in different ways, they have
shown experimentally that primates develop cultural traditions through
imitation.

[...snip...]

The more I learn of our closest hominid ancestors the more I am
impressed. A full-grown chimpanzee is the functional intellectual
equivalent of a two-year old human. And a two-year old human ain't
exactly stupid. A chimpanzee can be taught a vocabulary of hundreds of
words. Even though chimps don't have the vocal cords necessary for
speech, their brains are already wired for language and syntax.

As charming and truly amazing as their apish (pun intended) capacities
WRT to vocabulary, this bit about chimps capacity for language and
syntax is highly debatable. What evidence is there for this? Reports in
the popular media about signing apes talking with their captors are
almost entirely a load of hooie.

It's
truly amazing. Creationists will deny our relatedness to chimps by
saying that they don't really talk, they just mimic sign language
(although they actually do a lot more than just mimic it). If only
chimpanzees had the correct vocal setup (they already have the correct
brain setup), it would be impossible to deny that we are related to
them, as they would be capable of holding a conversation like a
two-year old!

Personally I think it's really mean to demean sign language as not
counting as communicating. It's what deaf people use and you don't say
that they are any less communicating than "normal" people. It's just
different; the same kinds of ideas are still being communicated. In
the same way it's not fair to trivialize that a chimpanzee can learn a
vocabulary of hundreds of words by saying, "Ohhh, those are just sign
language gestures, it's not really talking."

.
User: "Herb Huston"

Title: Re: Chimpanzee culture confirmed 03 Sep 2005 06:18:09 PM
In article <1124736277.726735.308420@g43g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>,
Noone Inparticular <unreve89@hotmail.com> wrote:
}As charming and truly amazing as their apish (pun intended) capacities
}WRT to vocabulary, this bit about chimps capacity for language and
}syntax is highly debatable. What evidence is there for this? Reports in
}the popular media about signing apes talking with their captors are
}almost entirely a load of hooie.
See _Science_ 165:664-72 (1969).
--
-- Herb Huston
--

-- http://www.radix.net/~huston
.

User: "Greg G."

Title: Re: Chimpanzee culture confirmed 22 Aug 2005 02:30:53 PM
Noone Inparticular wrote:

Cyde Weys wrote:

Gregory Gadow wrote:

Chimpanzee culture 'confirmed'
By Helen Briggs
BBC News science reporter

Primate experts say they have proven that chimpanzees, like humans, show
social conformity.

By training captive chimps to use tools in different ways, they have
shown experimentally that primates develop cultural traditions through
imitation.

[...snip...]

The more I learn of our closest hominid ancestors the more I am
impressed. A full-grown chimpanzee is the functional intellectual
equivalent of a two-year old human. And a two-year old human ain't
exactly stupid. A chimpanzee can be taught a vocabulary of hundreds of
words. Even though chimps don't have the vocal cords necessary for
speech, their brains are already wired for language and syntax.


As charming and truly amazing as their apish (pun intended) capacities
WRT to vocabulary, this bit about chimps capacity for language and
syntax is highly debatable. What evidence is there for this? Reports in
the popular media about signing apes talking with their captors are
almost entirely a load of hooie.

Another story in the popular media a few years back, was about the
chimps using sign language at Ohio State University. One of the chimps
would communicate by sign language with other chimps but didn't care to
do so with humans until a certain girl started helping out there. He
would sit and watch her sign as often as he could. Turns out, the
girl's brother was deaf so she was more fluent than those who had
recently taken a sign language course. The chimp apparently just found
the other people boring.
--
Greg G.
I've learned that sometimes the people you expect to kick you when
you're down, will be the ones that do.
.

User: "Douglas Berry"

Title: Re: Chimpanzee culture confirmed 22 Aug 2005 08:31:06 PM
On 22 Aug 2005 11:44:37 -0700, "Noone Inparticular"
<unreve89@hotmail.com> drained his beer, leaned back in the
alt.atheism beanbag and drunkenly proclaimed the following

As charming and truly amazing as their apish (pun intended) capacities
WRT to vocabulary, this bit about chimps capacity for language and
syntax is highly debatable. What evidence is there for this? Reports in
the popular media about signing apes talking with their captors are
almost entirely a load of hooie.

Koko and Michael, the most famous of the signing gorillas, have been
studied for decades by hundreds of researchers.
I had the honor of meeting Koko once (half the staff were Deadheads,
and we knew each other from shows.)
Her signing was difficult to read at first, but as I adjusted, it was
clear that she was indeed communicating with me. I kept my syntax
simple, and we chatted about cats, my beard, and how I smelled
(evidently a very important topic in gorilla land.)
What impressed me most was her capacity to name things. She labeled
me "Hairy Face Man" (at the time I had long hair and a full beard.
She also called me "Almost Gorilla" while laughing.
Being hugged by a lowland gorilla is something you never forget.
Look around, there is quite a body of scientific work on Koko and the
late Michael.
--
Douglas E. Berry Do the OBVIOUS thing to send e-mail
Atheist #2147, Atheist Vet #5
"Men never do evil so completely and cheerfully as
when they do it from religious conviction."
Blaise Pascal (1623-1662), Pense'es, #894.
.
User: "Stanley Friesen"

Title: Re: Chimpanzee culture confirmed 23 Aug 2005 07:24:37 PM
Douglas Berry <penguin_boy@mindOBVIOUSspring.com> wrote:

Being hugged by a lowland gorilla is something you never forget.

Eek! I bet.

Look around, there is quite a body of scientific work on Koko and the
late Michael.

Indeed, quite a literature.
--
The peace of God be with you.
Stanley Friesen
.

User: "John Wilkins"

Title: Re: Chimpanzee culture confirmed 22 Aug 2005 09:17:46 PM
Douglas Berry wrote:
....

Koko and Michael, the most famous of the signing gorillas, have been
studied for decades by hundreds of researchers.

I had the honor of meeting Koko once (half the staff were Deadheads,
and we knew each other from shows.)

Her signing was difficult to read at first, but as I adjusted, it was
clear that she was indeed communicating with me. I kept my syntax
simple, and we chatted about cats, my beard, and how I smelled
(evidently a very important topic in gorilla land.)

What impressed me most was her capacity to name things. She labeled
me "Hairy Face Man" (at the time I had long hair and a full beard.
She also called me "Almost Gorilla" while laughing.

Being hugged by a lowland gorilla is something you never forget.

....
I am *so* jealous. The only non-human I can talk to is my calico cat Chesh
(short for Cheshire Cat - her human sibling is named Alice, what can I say?).
She understand about 20 words or so, and I understand most of her mewlings,
how, I can't say. She's 15 now, so I suspect we shall not be having long
coversations for much longer. She understands her name, "come", "no" (she
scowls something fierce when it's food on the table and we have forbidden
her), "out", "what?", "toilet" (she goes outside, and needs to ask us to let
her out. She does this by scratching four times on the sliding door.
The other cats are dumb, but she's quite bright.
--
John S. Wilkins, Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Biohumanities Project
University of Queensland - Blog: evolvethought.blogspot.com
"Darwin's theory has no more to do with philosophy than any other
hypothesis in natural science." Tractatus 4.1122
.
User: "skyeyes"

Title: Re: Chimpanzee culture confirmed 24 Aug 2005 05:17:50 PM
John Wilkins wrote:

am *so* jealous. The only non-human I can talk to is my calico cat Chesh
(short for Cheshire Cat ....The other cats are dumb, but she's quite bright.

I've got a calico, Carmie, who is very smart as well (although my other
five cats are, in their own ways, just as smart as she is). She has
taught me that when she points to a spot on a napkin, she wants a bite
of food put there. She has also taught me that she doesn't want to be
touched, except when she voluntarily climbs on the arm of my chair.
Cats never stop being interesting, from what I can see.
Brenda Nelson, A.A.#34
EAC Professor of Feline Thermometrics and Cat-Herding
.


User: "Gregory Gadow"

Title: Re: Chimpanzee culture confirmed 23 Aug 2005 08:10:17 AM
Douglas Berry wrote:

On 22 Aug 2005 11:44:37 -0700, "Noone Inparticular"
<unreve89@hotmail.com> drained his beer, leaned back in the
alt.atheism beanbag and drunkenly proclaimed the following

As charming and truly amazing as their apish (pun intended) capacities
WRT to vocabulary, this bit about chimps capacity for language and
syntax is highly debatable. What evidence is there for this? Reports in
the popular media about signing apes talking with their captors are
almost entirely a load of hooie.


Koko and Michael, the most famous of the signing gorillas, have been
studied for decades by hundreds of researchers.

I had the honor of meeting Koko once (half the staff were Deadheads,
and we knew each other from shows.)

Her signing was difficult to read at first, but as I adjusted, it was
clear that she was indeed communicating with me. I kept my syntax
simple, and we chatted about cats, my beard, and how I smelled
(evidently a very important topic in gorilla land.)

What impressed me most was her capacity to name things. She labeled
me "Hairy Face Man" (at the time I had long hair and a full beard.
She also called me "Almost Gorilla" while laughing.

Being hugged by a lowland gorilla is something you never forget.

Look around, there is quite a body of scientific work on Koko and the
late Michael.

What has been done more recently? I mean, was Koko just a bright girl,
typical or even a bit slow compared to other gorillas? I can not imagine
that such success has never been tried again.
--
Gregory Gadow
techbear@serv.net
http://www.serv.net/~techbear
"Without faith we might relapse into scientific or rational thinking,
which leads by a slippery slope toward constitutional democracy."
- Robert Anton Wilson
.

User: "Noone Inparticular"

Title: Re: Chimpanzee culture confirmed 23 Aug 2005 10:31:43 AM
Douglas Berry wrote:

On 22 Aug 2005 11:44:37 -0700, "Noone Inparticular"
<unreve89@hotmail.com> drained his beer, leaned back in the
alt.atheism beanbag and drunkenly proclaimed the following

As charming and truly amazing as their apish (pun intended) capacities
WRT to vocabulary, this bit about chimps capacity for language and
syntax is highly debatable. What evidence is there for this? Reports in
the popular media about signing apes talking with their captors are
almost entirely a load of hooie.


Koko and Michael, the most famous of the signing gorillas, have been
studied for decades by hundreds of researchers.

Oh goodie. Then you can produce the peer-reviewed studies demonstrating
their language abilities and use of syntax. Oh yeah, don't forget the
studies done by researchers outside the group holding the two apes
captive; you know the free exchange of data thing?
(hint the last is a trick)


I had the honor of meeting Koko once (half the staff were Deadheads,
and we knew each other from shows.)

I am sure it was an honor. Gorillas are magnificent animals.


Her signing was difficult to read at first, but as I adjusted, it was
clear that she was indeed communicating with me.

Most life forms communicate. Trees do it, bees do it, ants do it, hell,
planaria does it. That is not the same as language.

I kept my syntax
simple, and we chatted about cats, my beard, and how I smelled
(evidently a very important topic in gorilla land.)

As a deadhead, I figure you and koko smelt about the same, no?
(do I have to put a smiley in here)


What impressed me most was her capacity to name things. She labeled
me "Hairy Face Man" (at the time I had long hair and a full beard.
She also called me "Almost Gorilla" while laughing.

There is no doubt that chimps and gorillas are capable of learning an
impressive vocabulary. This is not, however, evidence that they can
communicate through language.


Being hugged by a lowland gorilla is something you never forget.

I bet.


Look around, there is quite a body of scientific work on Koko and the
late Michael.

Humor me. Post a URL from, oh..I dunno...NCBI or even Google Scholar.

--

Douglas E. Berry Do the OBVIOUS thing to send e-mail
Atheist #2147, Atheist Vet #5

"Men never do evil so completely and cheerfully as
when they do it from religious conviction."
Blaise Pascal (1623-1662), Pense'es, #894.

.
User: "Stanley Friesen"

Title: Re: Chimpanzee culture confirmed 23 Aug 2005 07:28:00 PM
"Noone Inparticular" <unreve89@hotmail.com> wrote:


Oh goodie. Then you can produce the peer-reviewed studies demonstrating
their language abilities and use of syntax.

Yes, actually we could. We would have to go to the University library
and use the scientific bibliographic indexes there to locate them - a
time consuming job. It would be easier and more efficient if *you* did
the literature search. They are not that hard.


There is no doubt that chimps and gorillas are capable of learning an
impressive vocabulary. This is not, however, evidence that they can
communicate through language.

What is the difference between correct use of vocabulary and language
communication?
--
The peace of God be with you.
Stanley Friesen
.
User: "Noone Inparticular"

Title: Re: Chimpanzee culture confirmed 24 Aug 2005 11:00:42 AM
Stanley Friesen wrote:

"Noone Inparticular" <unreve89@hotmail.com> wrote:


Oh goodie. Then you can produce the peer-reviewed studies demonstrating
their language abilities and use of syntax.


Yes, actually we could. We would have to go to the University library
and use the scientific bibliographic indexes there to locate them - a
time consuming job. It would be easier and more efficient if *you* did
the literature search. They are not that hard.

So, do you think the oft stated TO request; "citation please" ought to
be met with a "f*#k you do your own literature search"? OK, works for
me.
Believe it or not, the request was genuine. I have seen many reports
over the years and despite the claims of the poster I was responding
to, there is still a great deal of debate over this issue. In
particular the researchers who held captive Koko and Michael, two
lowland gorillas who were taught a version of ASL and have never
permitted any outside researcher to work with the apes or to review
their data. They published on their work, almost excluseively in the
lay press, but did not permit anyone else (qualified) to examine them.
You think this is science? It is interseting to note that no one else
has been able to replicate their work with other gorillas.
But I do not follow this field closely and was hoping for something
from someone who appeared to know something about it; though it is
clear now I was wrong.


There is no doubt that chimps and gorillas are capable of learning an
impressive vocabulary. This is not, however, evidence that they can
communicate through language.

What is the difference between correct use of vocabulary and language
communication?

Well, I'm no expert on this but my understanding is that language is
comprised of not merely of vocabulary size, but must also contain (at
least) duality of patterning analysible into both sounds
(non-meaningful) and morphemes and words (meaningful) and the
distinction between sentences and noun phrases.
I'm glad you brought this up, Stanley, because it is *precisely* this
issue that is at the heart of the debate; the meaning of language.
Critics of the more respectable primate language efforts (such as those
by Roger Fouts -thanks to Matt for at least making the effort to cite
something) all point to the problem that the proponents of non-human
ape language so broaden the definition of language that they get the
results they want; talking chimps.
Sometimes I think we want so desperately to find closer kinship with
our nearest animal kin than mere descent that we look for ways to
squeeze them in closer to us than reason and objectivity allows. I do
NOT claim that chimps and gorillas are incapable of language. I *do*
claim that many (if not most) people who spend their professional
careers studying the development of language *DO* doubt their
abilities. It does not help that some of the folks at the center of the
debate have conducted themselve in unprofessional ways by not allowing
other researchers access to their captives. It makes the debate tend
towards the sordid.


--
The peace of God be with you.

Stanley Friesen

.
User: "Emma Pease"

Title: Re: Chimpanzee culture confirmed 24 Aug 2005 02:44:30 PM
In article <1124899242.950343.41700@g49g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>,
Noone Inparticular wrote:


Stanley Friesen wrote:

"Noone Inparticular" <unreve89@hotmail.com> wrote:


Oh goodie. Then you can produce the peer-reviewed studies demonstrating
their language abilities and use of syntax.


Yes, actually we could. We would have to go to the University library
and use the scientific bibliographic indexes there to locate them - a
time consuming job. It would be easier and more efficient if *you* did
the literature search. They are not that hard.


So, do you think the oft stated TO request; "citation please" ought to
be met with a "f*#k you do your own literature search"? OK, works for
me.

The only bibliography I could find was at
http://www.koko.org/foundation/bibliography.html
Note there is no separation between peer reviewed work and articles in
Readers Digest or similar magazines. I've * the ones I think are in
peer reviewed journals. I've *! the ones that are in peer reviewed
journals and seem to involve Koko or Michael (just a quick run
through, I'm sure I've made errors).
Emma
*!1. Patterson, F.G. "The Gestures of a Gorilla: Language Acquisition in
Another Pongid." Brain and Language, 1978, 5, 72-97.
2. Patterson, F.G.P. "Human Communication with Gorillas." In
G.B. Stone (ed.), In the Spirit of Enterprise. San Francisco:
W.H. Freeman & Co., 1978.
*3. Scott, M.S., Brown, A.L., and Patterson, F. "Conditional Relational
Learning in Preschool Children." The Journal of Genetic Psychology,
1978, 32, 55-66.
4. Patterson, F. "Conversations with a Gorilla." National Geographic,
October 1978, 154 (4), 438-465. Condensed in Reader's Digest, March
1979, 114 (683), 81-86.
5. Patterson, F.G. Linguistic Capabilities of a Lowland
Gorilla. Stanford University, Ph.D. dissertation, 1979. University
Microfilms International, Ann Arbor, MI 48106 (#79-172-69). Abs. in
Dissertation Abstracts International, August 1979, 40-B, 2.
*!6. Patterson, F.G. "Linguistic Capabilities of a Young Lowland
Gorilla." In F.C. Peng (ed.), Sign Language and Language Acquisition
in Man and Ape: New Dimensions in Comparative
Pedolinguistics. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1978. Reprinted in
R.L. Schiefelbusch and J.H. Hollis (eds.), Language Intervention from
Ape to Child. Baltimore, Maryland: University Park Press, 1979.
*?7. Patterson, F. "Comment on Terrace." NYU Educational Quarterly,
Letters, 1980, 11 (3), 33.
[but note it seems to be a letter]
*!8. Patterson, F.G. "Innovative Uses of Language by a Gorilla: A Case
Study." In K.E. Nelson (ed.), Children's Language, vol. 2. New York:
Gardner Press, 1980.
9. Patterson, F. "Gorilla Talk: Comment on Monkey Business." The New
York Review of Books, October 1980, 27 (15), 45-46.
*!10. Patterson, F. "In Search of Man: Experiments in Primate
Communication." The Michigan Quarterly Review, Winter 1980, 19 (1),
95-114.
*!11. Patterson, F. "Can an Ape Create a Sentence? Some Affirmative
Evidence." Science, 1981, 211, 86-87.
*!12. Patterson, F. "Generalized Language Ability in the Gorilla." Paper
presented at the annual meeting of the American Psychological
Association, Los Angeles, August 1981.
*!13. Patterson, F. "Gorilla Warfare." American Psychological
Association Monitor, Letters, January 1981, 2 (1), 16, 41.
[but note it seems to be a letter]
14. Patterson, F. "Koko the Articulate Gorilla." Ms. Magazine,
December 1981, 42-48.
15. Patterson, F. "More on Ape Talk." The New York Review of Books,
April 1981, 28 (5), 43.
16. Patterson, F., and Linden, E. The Education of Koko. New York:
Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1981.
17. Patterson, F. "Gorilla Language Acquisition." National Geographic
Society Research Reports, vol.17 (1976 Projects). Washington, D.C.:
National Geographic Society, 1984.
18. Patterson, F. "Self-Recognition by Gorilla Gorilla Gorilla."
Gorilla Journal, June 1984, 7(2), 2-3.
19. Patterson, F. Koko's Kitten. New York: Scholastic Books, 1985.
*!20. Patterson, F., Share, E., and Cornwall, C. "Interspecies
Communication and Conservation." Primate Conservation (IUCN/SSC),
January 1985, 5, 39-40.
21. Patterson, F. "The Mind of the Gorilla: Conversation and
Conservation." In K. Benirschke (ed.), Primates: The Road to
Self-Sustaining Populations. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1986.
*!22. Patterson, C.H., and Patterson, F.G. "On Being Human--Language
and Primates." Contemporary Psychology, Letters, 1986, 31(9), 722-723.
[but note it seems to be a letter]
23. Patterson, F. Koko's Story. New York: Scholastic Books, 1987.
24. Patterson, F., and Espey, L. "Procedures at the Gorilla
Foundation." Gorilla Gazette, November 1987, 1 (2).
*!25. Patterson, F., Patterson, C. H., and Brentari, D.K. "Language in
Child, Chimp, and Gorilla." American Psychologist, March 1987, 42 (3),
270-272.
26. Patterson, F., and Espey, L. Gorilla Facility Survey
Results. Laboratory Primate Newsletter, 1988, 27 (1), 27-28.
*!27. Patterson, F., and Patterson, C.H. "Review of Ape Language: From
Conditioned Response to Symbol." American Journal of Psychology, 1988,
101 (4), 582-590.
28. Patterson, F., Tanner, J., and Mayer, N. "Pragmatic Analysis of
Gorilla Utterances: Early Communicative Development in the Gorilla
Koko." Journal of Pragmatics, 1988, 12 (1), 35-55.
29. Patterson, F., and Kennedy, M.K. "Interspecies Communication:
Humane Innovation." Humane Innovations and Alternatives in Animal
Experimentation--A Notebook, 1989, 3, 126-127.
*!30. Patterson, F.G.P., and Cohn, R.H. "Language Acquisition by a
Lowland Gorilla: Koko's First Ten Years of Vocabulary Development,"
Word, August 1990, 41 (2), 97-143.
31. Patterson, F.G.P. & Holts, C.L. Project Koko: Language acquisition
by lowland gorillas. In Introduction to the Study of Language, F. Peng
& B. Hoffer (Eds.). London: Cole and Whurr, Ltd., 1990.
*!32. Tanner, J. & Patterson, F. Gestural communication in captive
lowland gorillas. Paper presented at the Thirteenth Annual meeting of
the American Society of Primatologists, Davis, California, July, 1990.
*!33. Patterson, F.G.P., Holts, C.L., and Saphire, L. "Cyclic Changes in
Hormonal, Physical, Behavioral and Linguistic Measures in a Female
Lowland Gorilla." American Journal of Primatology, 1991, 24, 181-194.
34. Patterson, F., and Gordon, W. "The Case for the Personhood of
Gorillas." In P. Cavalieri and P. Singer (eds.), The Great Ape
Project: Equality Beyond Humanity. London: Fourth Estate, 1993 and New
York: St. Martin's, 1994.
*!35. Bonvillian, J.D. and Patterson, F.G.P. "Early Language Acquisition
in Children and Gorillas: Vocabulary Content and Sign Iconicity."
First Language, 1993, 13, 315-338.
36. Patterson, F.G.P., and Cohn, R.H. "Self-recognition and
Self-awareness in Lowland Gorillas." In S.T. Parker, R.W. Mitchell and
M.L. Boccia (eds.), Self-awareness in Animals and Humans. New York:
Cambridge University Press, 1994.
*!37. Bonvillian, J.D., Maynard, A.E., and Patterson, F.G.P. "The
Acquisition of Sign Formational Aspects in a Lowland Gorilla," paper
presented at the 6th Annual Conference of the American Psychological
Society, Washington, D.C., July 1994.
38. Kranz, L.A., and Patterson, F. "State of the Art Preserve Designed
For and By Gorillas." Humane Innovations and Alternatives, 1994, 8,
574-578.
39. Bonvillian, J.D. and Patterson, F.G.P. "Sign Language Acquisition
and the Development of Meaning in a Lowland Gorilla." In C. Mandell
and A. McCabe (eds.), The Problem of Meaning: Behavioral and Cognitive
Perspectives. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1997.
40. Patterson, F. Koko-Love! Conversations with a Signing
Gorilla. Dutton Children's Books, New York, 1999.
41. Bonvillian, J.D. and Patterson, F.G.P. "Early Sign-Language
Acquisition: Comparisons between Children and Gorillas." In
S.T. Parker, R.W. Mitchell and H.L. Miles (eds.), The Mentalities of
Gorillas and Orangutans. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
*!42. Patterson, F.G.P., Matevia, M.L. and Hillix, W.A. "Language
acquisition in lowland gorillas: What Project Koko has shown us."
Russian Journal of Foreign Psychology. Moscow: Master Press, 2000.
43. McFarland, R.K., Patterson, F.G.P and Zihlman, A.L. "Body
composition in a prime adult male gorilla compared to a male of
similar body mass and a female of similar age," presented at the
70th Annual Meeting of the American Association of Physical
Anthropologists, Kansas City, Missouri, March 28-31, 2001.
44. Matevia, M.L., Patterson, F.G.P. and Hillix, W.A. "Pretend play in
a signing gorilla." In Robert Mitchell, Pretending and Imagination in
Animals and Children. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, February
2002.
45. Patterson, F.G.P. and Matevia, M.L. "The status of gorillas
worldwide." In Birute Galdikas, Nancy Briggs, Lori Sheeran, Gary
Shapiro, and Jane Goodall (eds.), All Apes Great and Small, Volume I:
Chimpanzees, Bonobos, and Gorillas. Kluwer Press, 2002.
46. Patterson, F.G.P. and Gordon, W. "Twenty-seven years of Project
Koko and Michael." In Birute Galdikas, Nancy Briggs, Lori Sheeran,
Gary Shapiro, and Jane Goodall (eds.), All Apes Great and Small,
Volume I: Chimpanzees, Bonobos, and Gorillas. Kluwer Press, 2002.
*!47. Bonvillian, J.D., & Patterson, F.G.P. "A New Paradigm?"
comment on "The Emergence of a New Paradigm in Ape Language
Research" by Shanker, S.G. and King, B.J. Behavioral and Brain
Sciences, 2002, 25, 621-622.
[a comment not a peer reviewed paper]
48. Patterson, F.G.P "Communication Studies" in The Great Ape Project
Census: Recognition for the Uncounted, (Foreword by Peter Singer),
2003, Great Ape Project (GAP) Books. Pp. 219-232.
49. Rose, A. L., Patterson, F. and Cohn, R. Michael's Dream, in
press.
50 . Patterson, F.G.P., "Koko," in Encyclopedia of Animal Behavior,
Volume 2, section G (Gorillas), edited by Marc Bekoff, Greenwood
Press, 2004.
Audio Visual References (alphabetical):
1. The Discoverers, (CD-ROM) Knowledge Adventure, Inc., La Crescenta,
CA, (800) 542-4240.
2. The Gorilla Foundation and SVE and Churchill Media. Koko's
Kitten. Churchill Media, 6677 North Northwest Hwy, Chicago, IL
60631-1304, (800) 829-1900.
3. Harrar, L. Signs of the Apes, Songs of the Whales. (Videotape)
Boston, MA: WGBH Educational Foundation, Nova.
4. Johnson, Anne C. Are They Really Dumb? ÑIntelligence and
Language among the Animals. (Filmstrip) News Currents, Knowledge
Unlimited 1984, Box 52, Madison, WI 53701.
5. Moses, Harry. Talk to the Animals, a 12-minute,16-mm film produced
for 60 Minutes, CBS. Available through CRM McGraw-Hill Films, 110
Fifteenth Street, Del Mar, CA 92014.
6. National Geographic Society. Gorilla. (Videotape) 1986. Available
through Movies Unlimited, (800) 523-0823 (Product no. 471590).
7. Patterson, P. Women on Leadership: Insights from Women Making an
Impact on our World (interview on CD). Thompson, M. and Wilson
R. (Eds). Leaders of the New Century series by Network Public
Broadcasting International, 2002
8. Schroeder, Barbet. Koko, a Talking Gorilla, 1978. Videotape
available through Baker & Taylor Company, Chicago, (800) 775-2400.
9. Successmaker Reading Adventures, (CD-ROM) Computer Curriculum
Corporation, 1287 Lawrence Station Road, Sunnyvale, CA. (800)
227-8324.
10. Visty/Brennan Productions and Thirteen/WNET in association with
the Gorilla Foundation/Koko.org. A Conversation with Koko. Nature
Video Library. 1999.
Related Publications:
1. Clark, M. et al., "Koko's Mac II: A Preliminary Report." In
L. Brenda (ed.), The Art of Human-Computer Interface Design. Reading,
Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley Pub. Co., 1990.
2. Cohn, R.H. "Interspecies Communication for Gorilla Enrichment and
Research," Proceedings: Columbus Zoo Gorilla Workshop, June 22-25,
1990.
3. Cohn, Ronald. H. "Koko." Faces, November 1990, 7(3), 14-17.
4. Crail, Ted. Apetalk and Whalespeak. Los Angeles: J.P. Tarcher,
1981.
5. Fadiman, Anne. "How a Loquacious Gorilla Named Koko Became Smitten
With Kittens." Life, July 1985, 8(8), 22-28. Condensed in Reader's
Digest, October 1985, 127, (762), 200-206.
6. Godwin, Sara. Gorillas. New York: Mallard Press, 1990.
7. Goodreau, M.T., "Speech Sound Discrimination Ability in a Lowland
Gorilla." San Jose State University, Dept. of Communication Sciences
and Disorders, M.A. thesis, May 1987.
8. Gorilla, a journal published semiannually by the Gorilla
Foundation, Box 620-530, Woodside, CA 94062.
9. Griffiths, Joan, "Gorilla My Dreams: Designing an Ape's Computer
Poses Unexpected Challenges." Omni, November 1991, 14(2), 27.
10. McNulty, Faith. With Love from Koko. New York: Scholastic Books,
1989.
11. Summers, Beth. "Koko's Computer." National Geographic World,
November 1993, (219), 14-17.
12. Vessels, Jane. "Koko's Kitten." National Geographic, January 1985,
167 (1), 110-113.
*!13. Watson, Lyna M. "Hormone Levels and Overt Social Behaviors,
Including Signed Output, in a Captive Lowland Gorilla." Zoo Biology,
1984, 3, 285-306.
--
\----
|\* | Emma Pease Net Spinster
|_\/ Die Luft der Freiheit weht
.



User: "Douglas Berry"

Title: Re: Chimpanzee culture confirmed 23 Aug 2005 07:38:27 PM
On 23 Aug 2005 08:31:43 -0700, "Noone Inparticular"
<unreve89@hotmail.com> drained his beer, leaned back in the
alt.atheism beanbag and drunkenly proclaimed the following

Douglas Berry wrote:

Koko and Michael, the most famous of the signing gorillas, have been
studied for decades by hundreds of researchers.


Oh goodie. Then you can produce the peer-reviewed studies demonstrating
their language abilities and use of syntax. Oh yeah, don't forget the
studies done by researchers outside the group holding the two apes
captive; you know the free exchange of data thing?

(hint the last is a trick)

Do your own damn research. I'm relating first-hand experience.

Her signing was difficult to read at first, but as I adjusted, it was
clear that she was indeed communicating with me.


Most life forms communicate. Trees do it, bees do it, ants do it, hell,
planaria does it. That is not the same as language.

Yes, but this one was communicating in ASL. And not just responding,
but directing the conversation. Naming things, expressing emotional
responses to information. (For example, when I mentioned I had three
cats, Koko signed "Lucky Want" several times, followed by "Love Cats")

I kept my syntax
simple, and we chatted about cats, my beard, and how I smelled
(evidently a very important topic in gorilla land.)


As a deadhead, I figure you and koko smelt about the same, no?

And a hearty ***** you to you too. Actually, I smelled more like a
gorilla while serving in the Army.

(do I have to put a smiley in here)

Don't worry, I'm insulted anyway.

What impressed me most was her capacity to name things. She labeled
me "Hairy Face Man" (at the time I had long hair and a full beard.
She also called me "Almost Gorilla" while laughing.


There is no doubt that chimps and gorillas are capable of learning an
impressive vocabulary. This is not, however, evidence that they can
communicate through language.

Other than the fact they do it. I had a conversation, not random
signs, not directed by the staff at the gorilla institute, but a
conversation with a nonhuman intelligence.
Deal with it.

Being hugged by a lowland gorilla is something you never forget.


I bet.

She was quite gentle, but you could feel the power in that body.


Look around, there is quite a body of scientific work on Koko and the
late Michael.


Humor me. Post a URL from, oh..I dunno...NCBI or even Google Scholar.

I work 12 hour days. Do a little research of your own.
Ever seen their artwork?
--
Douglas E. Berry Do the OBVIOUS thing to send e-mail
Atheist #2147, Atheist Vet #5
"Men never do evil so completely and cheerfully as
when they do it from religious conviction."
Blaise Pascal (1623-1662), Pense'es, #894.
.

User: "Matt Silberstein"

Title: Re: Chimpanzee culture confirmed 23 Aug 2005 11:34:31 PM
On 23 Aug 2005 08:31:43 -0700, in talk.origins , "Noone Inparticular"
<unreve89@hotmail.com> in
<1124811103.347332.257700@g47g2000cwa.googlegroups.com> wrote:


Douglas Berry wrote:

On 22 Aug 2005 11:44:37 -0700, "Noone Inparticular"
<unreve89@hotmail.com> drained his beer, leaned back in the
alt.atheism beanbag and drunkenly proclaimed the following

As charming and truly amazing as their apish (pun intended) capacities
WRT to vocabulary, this bit about chimps capacity for language and
syntax is highly debatable. What evidence is there for this? Reports in
the popular media about signing apes talking with their captors are
almost entirely a load of hooie.


Koko and Michael, the most famous of the signing gorillas, have been
studied for decades by hundreds of researchers.


Oh goodie. Then you can produce the peer-reviewed studies demonstrating
their language abilities and use of syntax. Oh yeah, don't forget the
studies done by researchers outside the group holding the two apes
captive; you know the free exchange of data thing?

(hint the last is a trick)

Read _Next of Kin_, he references those kinds of papers and research.
And shows that they do use syntax, not just semantics.
[snip]
--
Matt Silberstein
Do in order to understand.
.


User: "Herb Huston"

Title: Re: Chimpanzee culture confirmed 03 Sep 2005 08:14:43 PM
In article <vpukg110aouipo9pcvkcf81u68ujd3roro@4ax.com>,
Douglas Berry <penguin_boy@mindOBVIOUSspring.com> wrote:
}Koko and Michael, the most famous of the signing gorillas, have been
}studied for decades by hundreds of researchers.
}
}I had the honor of meeting Koko once (half the staff were Deadheads,
}and we knew each other from shows.)
}
}Her signing was difficult to read at first, but as I adjusted, it was
}clear that she was indeed communicating with me. I kept my syntax
}simple, and we chatted about cats, my beard, and how I smelled
}(evidently a very important topic in gorilla land.)
}
}What impressed me most was her capacity to name things. She labeled
}me "Hairy Face Man" (at the time I had long hair and a full beard.
}She also called me "Almost Gorilla" while laughing.
When Susan Spencer of CBS News tried to interview her, Koko kept gesturing
for the sound guy to come closer by cupping her hands and placing them over
her ears. This turned out to be a new sign.
}Being hugged by a lowland gorilla is something you never forget.
Did Koko ask to inspect your dental work? She's quite interested in
crowns.
--
-- Herb Huston
--

-- http://www.radix.net/~huston
.
User: "Douglas Berry"

Title: Re: Chimpanzee culture confirmed 04 Sep 2005 10:11:27 AM
On Sun, 04 Sep 2005 01:14:43 -0000,
(Herb Huston)
drained his beer, leaned back in the alt.atheism beanbag and drunkenly
proclaimed the following

}Being hugged by a lowland gorilla is something you never forget.

Did Koko ask to inspect your dental work? She's quite interested in
crowns.

She did look at my teeth. Surprisingly gentle touch.
--
Douglas E. Berry Do the OBVIOUS thing to send e-mail
Atheist #2147, Atheist Vet #5
"Men never do evil so completely and cheerfully as
when they do it from religious conviction."
Blaise Pascal (1623-1662), Pense'es, #894.
.




User: "Herb Huston"

Title: Re: Chimpanzee culture confirmed 03 Sep 2005 06:08:09 PM
In article <1124721315.428901.319410@g49g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>,
Cyde Weys <cyde@umd.edu> wrote:
}The more I learn of our closest hominid ancestors the more I am
}impressed. A full-grown chimpanzee is the functional intellectual
}equivalent of a two-year old human. And a two-year old human ain't
}exactly stupid. A chimpanzee can be taught a vocabulary of hundreds of
}words. Even though chimps don't have the vocal cords necessary for
}speech, their brains are already wired for language and syntax. It's
}truly amazing. Creationists will deny our relatedness to chimps by
}saying that they don't really talk, they just mimic sign language
}(although they actually do a lot more than just mimic it). If only
}chimpanzees had the correct vocal setup (they already have the correct
}brain setup), it would be impossible to deny that we are related to
}them, as they would be capable of holding a conversation like a
}two-year old!
Don't you watch _Nova_? Several years ago they ran an episode in which
Kanzi, a bonobo, conversed over the telephone with a human who was calling
from another building. Kanzi "speaks" not with sign language but by
pushing keys on "Yerkish" keyboard (he was at the Yerkes Regional Primate
Center). His keyboard has lexigrams, which correspond to words. The
keyboard is connected to a speech synthesizer, and that gives Kanzi his
"voice." For the telephone demonstration, they connected the speech
synthesizer to the mouthpiece of a telephone.
The human asked Kanzi what food treat she should bring to him, and his
answer was "M&M's."
}Personally I think it's really mean to demean sign language as not
}counting as communicating. It's what deaf people use and you don't say
}that they are any less communicating than "normal" people. It's just
}different; the same kinds of ideas are still being communicated. In
}the same way it's not fair to trivialize that a chimpanzee can learn a
}vocabulary of hundreds of words by saying, "Ohhh, those are just sign
}language gestures, it's not really talking."
The Gardners selected American Sign Language (ASL) for Project Washoe
because it was already in existence; they didn't have to make up a new
language as the folks at Yerkes did. The advantage for Yerkish and the
keyboard is that all of the communications can be automagically recorded
for later study without any human intervention.
--
-- Herb Huston
--

-- http://www.radix.net/~huston
.
User: "AC"

Title: Re: Chimpanzee culture confirmed 06 Sep 2005 11:13:59 AM
On Sat, 03 Sep 2005 23:08:09 -0000,
Herb Huston <huston@radix.net> wrote:

In article <1124721315.428901.319410@g49g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>,
Cyde Weys <cyde@umd.edu> wrote:
}The more I learn of our closest hominid ancestors the more I am
}impressed. A full-grown chimpanzee is the functional intellectual
}equivalent of a two-year old human. And a two-year old human ain't
}exactly stupid. A chimpanzee can be taught a vocabulary of hundreds of
}words. Even though chimps don't have the vocal cords necessary for
}speech, their brains are already wired for language and syntax. It's
}truly amazing. Creationists will deny our relatedness to chimps by
}saying that they don't really talk, they just mimic sign language
}(although they actually do a lot more than just mimic it). If only
}chimpanzees had the correct vocal setup (they already have the correct
}brain setup), it would be impossible to deny that we are related to
}them, as they would be capable of holding a conversation like a
}two-year old!

Don't you watch _Nova_? Several years ago they ran an episode in which
Kanzi, a bonobo, conversed over the telephone with a human who was calling
from another building. Kanzi "speaks" not with sign language but by
pushing keys on "Yerkish" keyboard (he was at the Yerkes Regional Primate
Center). His keyboard has lexigrams, which correspond to words. The
keyboard is connected to a speech synthesizer, and that gives Kanzi his
"voice." For the telephone demonstration, they connected the speech
synthesizer to the mouthpiece of a telephone.

The human asked Kanzi what food treat she should bring to him, and his
answer was "M&M's."

I don't know how impressive that is, to be honest. If I say "where's your
collar" to my dog, he immediately runs to the place where we hang it up and
barks. If I say "dog" with a little urgency he jumps up on the back of the
couch and barks like crazy, looking for the canine. I wonder if this sort
of thing is just some sort of word association.
<snip>
--
Aaron Clausen
mightymartianca@hotmail.com
.
User: "John Wilkins"

Title: Re: Chimpanzee culture confirmed 06 Sep 2005 07:05:19 PM
AC wrote:

On Sat, 03 Sep 2005 23:08:09 -0000,
Herb Huston <huston@radix.net> wrote:

In article <1124721315.428901.319410@g49g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>,
Cyde Weys <cyde@umd.edu> wrote:
}The more I learn of our closest hominid ancestors the more I am
}impressed. A full-grown chimpanzee is the functional intellectual
}equivalent of a two-year old human. And a two-year old human ain't
}exactly stupid. A chimpanzee can be taught a vocabulary of hundreds of
}words. Even though chimps don't have the vocal cords necessary for
}speech, their brains are already wired for language and syntax. It's
}truly amazing. Creationists will deny our relatedness to chimps by
}saying that they don't really talk, they just mimic sign language
}(although they actually do a lot more than just mimic it). If only
}chimpanzees had the correct vocal setup (they already have the correct
}brain setup), it would be impossible to deny that we are related to
}them, as they would be capable of holding a conversation like a
}two-year old!

Don't you watch _Nova_? Several years ago they ran an episode in which
Kanzi, a bonobo, conversed over the telephone with a human who was calling
from another building. Kanzi "speaks" not with sign language but by
pushing keys on "Yerkish" keyboard (he was at the Yerkes Regional Primate
Center). His keyboard has lexigrams, which correspond to words. The
keyboard is connected to a speech synthesizer, and that gives Kanzi his
"voice." For the telephone demonstration, they connected the speech
synthesizer to the mouthpiece of a telephone.

The human asked Kanzi what food treat she should bring to him, and his
answer was "M&M's."



I don't know how impressive that is, to be honest. If I say "where's your
collar" to my dog, he immediately runs to the place where we hang it up and
barks. If I say "dog" with a little urgency he jumps up on the back of the
couch and barks like crazy, looking for the canine. I wonder if this sort
of thing is just some sort of word association.

<snip>

We have a cat that understand about 20 words used in the right inflection and
context. Like many cats she thinks she is human (the rest think humans are a
kind of retarded cat). I think the cognitive apparatus to learn signals is
fairly common to vocalising species. What is remarkable about Kanzi and Koko
is that they join words and seem to be creative, following simple rules, in
generating new sentences. This suggests that fundamental syntax is common to
all primates, not just humans. The rest is just extra RAM.
--
John S. Wilkins, Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Biohumanities Project
University of Queensland - Blog: evolvethought.blogspot.com
"Darwin's theory has no more to do with philosophy than any other
hypothesis in natural science." Tractatus 4.1122
.

User: "Martin Edwards"

Title: Re: Chimpanzee culture confirmed 06 Sep 2005 12:37:52 PM
AC wrote:

On Sat, 03 Sep 2005 23:08:09 -0000,
Herb Huston <huston@radix.net> wrote:

In article <1124721315.428901.319410@g49g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>,
Cyde Weys <cyde@umd.edu> wrote:
}The more I learn of our closest hominid ancestors the more I am
}impressed. A full-grown chimpanzee is the functional intellectual
}equivalent of a two-year old human. And a two-year old human ain't
}exactly stupid. A chimpanzee can be taught a vocabulary of hundreds of
}words. Even though chimps don't have the vocal cords necessary for
}speech, their brains are already wired for language and syntax. It's
}truly amazing. Creationists will deny our relatedness to chimps by
}saying that they don't really talk, they just mimic sign language
}(although they actually do a lot more than just mimic it). If only
}chimpanzees had the correct vocal setup (they already have the correct
}brain setup), it would be impossible to deny that we are related to
}them, as they would be capable of holding a conversation like a
}two-year old!

Don't you watch _Nova_? Several years ago they ran an episode in which
Kanzi, a bonobo, conversed over the telephone with a human who was calling
from another building. Kanzi "speaks" not with sign language but by
pushing keys on "Yerkish" keyboard (he was at the Yerkes Regional Primate
Center). His keyboard has lexigrams, which correspond to words. The
keyboard is connected to a speech synthesizer, and that gives Kanzi his
"voice." For the telephone demonstration, they connected the speech
synthesizer to the mouthpiece of a telephone.

The human asked Kanzi what food treat she should bring to him, and his
answer was "M&M's."



I don't know how impressive that is, to be honest. If I say "where's your
collar" to my dog, he immediately runs to the place where we hang it up and
barks. If I say "dog" with a little urgency he jumps up on the back of the
couch and barks like crazy, looking for the canine. I wonder if this sort
of thing is just some sort of word association.

<snip>

When and how did we lose chimpanzees' skill in bringing up their young?
--
You can't fool me: there ain't no Sanity Clause - Chico Marx
www.geocities.com/Athens/Agora/1955
.



User: "Emma Pease"

Title: Re: Chimpanzee culture confirmed 22 Aug 2005 02:52:31 PM
In article <1124721315.428901.319410@g49g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>, Cyde Weys wrote:


Gregory Gadow wrote:

Chimpanzee culture 'confirmed'
By Helen Briggs
BBC News science reporter

Primate experts say they have proven that chimpanzees, like humans, show
social conformity.

By training captive chimps to use tools in different ways, they have
shown experimentally that primates develop cultural traditions through
imitation.

[...snip...]

The more I learn of our closest hominid ancestors the more I am
impressed. A full-grown chimpanzee is the functional intellectual
equivalent of a two-year old human. And a two-year old human ain't
exactly stupid. A chimpanzee can be taught a vocabulary of hundreds of
words. Even though chimps don't have the vocal cords necessary for
speech, their brains are already wired for language and syntax. It's
truly amazing. Creationists will deny our relatedness to chimps by
saying that they don't really talk, they just mimic sign language
(although they actually do a lot more than just mimic it). If only
chimpanzees had the correct vocal setup (they already have the correct
brain setup), it would be impossible to deny that we are related to
them, as they would be capable of holding a conversation like a
two-year old!

I do believe that a sizable number of linguists do doubt that what
apes like Koko are using is language in their sense of the word
language (these same linguists have no doubt that ASL and other sign
languages used by humans are languages).
You might find
http://pubpages.unh.edu/~jel/SGMonKanzi.html
interesting.

Personally I think it's really mean to demean sign language as not
counting as communicating. It's what deaf people use and you don't say
that they are any less communicating than "normal" people. It's just
different; the same kinds of ideas are still being communicated. In
the same way it's not fair to trivialize that a chimpanzee can learn a
vocabulary of hundreds of words by saying, "Ohhh, those are just sign
language gestures, it's not really talking."

Language is more than a matter of words. It is also how those words
are put together or how they are modified to convey meaning.
The three English words
cat dog chase
don't make sense but by modifying and varying them meaning is conveyed
The cat chases the dog.
The dog chased the cat.
The dog will chase a cat.
A cat is chasing a dog.
--
\----
|\* | Emma Pease Net Spinster
|_\/ Die Luft der Freiheit weht
.
User: "Apostate"

Title: Re: Chimpanzee culture confirmed 22 Aug 2005 05:48:39 PM
On Mon, 22 Aug 2005 19:52:31 +0000 (UTC), Emma Pease <emma@kanpai.stanford.edu> wrote:

In article <1124721315.428901.319410@g49g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>, Cyde Weys wrote:


Gregory Gadow wrote:

Chimpanzee culture 'confirmed'
By Helen Briggs
BBC News science reporter

Primate experts say they have proven that chimpanzees, like humans, show
social conformity.

By training captive chimps to use tools in different ways, they have
shown experimentally that primates develop cultural traditions through
imitation.

[...snip...]

The more I learn of our closest hominid ancestors the more I am
impressed. A full-grown chimpanzee is the functional intellectual
equivalent of a two-year old human. And a two-year old human ain't
exactly stupid. A chimpanzee can be taught a vocabulary of hundreds of
words. Even though chimps don't have the vocal cords necessary for
speech, their brains are already wired for language and syntax. It's
truly amazing. Creationists will deny our relatedness to chimps by
saying that they don't really talk, they just mimic sign language
(although they actually do a lot more than just mimic it). If only
chimpanzees had the correct vocal setup (they already have the correct
brain setup), it would be impossible to deny that we are related to
them, as they would be capable of holding a conversation like a
two-year old!


I do believe that a sizable number of linguists do doubt that what
apes like Koko are using is language in their sense of the word
language (these same linguists have no doubt that ASL and other sign
languages used by humans are languages).

I was under the impression that at least *some* of those apes were in fact using ASL
(with a narrower vocabulary than H. sap. users, to be sure, as we'd expect of a
two-year-old speaker.)
--
/Apostate
alt.atheist #1931 I've found it!
BAAWA Knife AND SMASHer
EAC Supernumerary Deputy Director, Department of Redundancy Department
plonked by Lani_girl, first post; Billions Served!
I doubt, therefore I might be.
e-mail to lower-case only
.
User: "Stanley Friesen"

Title: Re: Chimpanzee culture confirmed 23 Aug 2005 07:33:51 PM
Apostate <apostate.invalid.still@yeehaw.org> wrote:

I was under the impression that at least *some* of those apes were in fact using ASL
(with a narrower vocabulary than H. sap. users, to be sure, as we'd expect of a
two-year-old speaker.)

Which is basically little or no grammar: simple juxtaposition of two or
three words, mostly noun-verb pairs or noun-adjective pairs.
--
The peace of God be with you.
Stanley Friesen
.
User: "Apostate"

Title: Re: Chimpanzee culture confirmed 23 Aug 2005 10:10:09 PM
On Tue, 23 Aug 2005 17:33:51 -0700, Stanley Friesen <sarima@friesen.net> wrote:

Apostate <apostate.invalid.still@yeehaw.org> wrote:

I was under the impression that at least *some* of those apes were in fact using ASL
(with a narrower vocabulary than H. sap. users, to be sure, as we'd expect of a
two-year-old speaker.)


Which is basically little or no grammar: simple juxtaposition of two or
three words, mostly noun-verb pairs or noun-adjective pairs.

The grammar is more implicit, aiui. But my point was to dispute the upthread claim
that what the signing apes were doing was a different thing from, exemplar gratia, using
ASL.
--
/Apostate
alt.atheist #1931 I've found it!
BAAWA Knife AND SMASHer
EAC Supernumerary Deputy Director, Department of Redundancy Department
plonked by Lani_girl, first post; Billions Served!
I doubt, therefore I might be.
e-mail to lower-case only
.
User: "Stanley Friesen"

Title: Re: Chimpanzee culture confirmed 23 Aug 2005 11:19:07 PM
Apostate <apostate.invalid.still@yeehaw.org> wrote:

On Tue, 23 Aug 2005 17:33:51 -0700, Stanley Friesen <sarima@friesen.net> wrote:

Apostate <apostate.invalid.still@yeehaw.org> wrote:

I was under the impression that at least *some* of those apes were in fact using ASL
(with a narrower vocabulary than H. sap. users, to be sure, as we'd expect of a
two-year-old speaker.)


Which is basically little or no grammar: simple juxtaposition of two or
three words, mostly noun-verb pairs or noun-adjective pairs.


The grammar is more implicit, aiui. But my point was to dispute the upthread claim
that what the signing apes were doing was a different thing from, exemplar gratia, using
ASL.

And my point is that the lack of grammar *is* a difference from human
ASL, an important one. Grammar is the main source of the power of human
language.
--
The peace of God be with you.
Stanley Friesen
.







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