| Topic: |
Religions > Atheism |
| User: |
"johac" |
| Date: |
26 May 2006 06:16:53 PM |
| Object: |
How ancient whales lost their legs |
Closing some more 'gaps'.
---
How ancient whales lost their legs, got sleek and conquered the oceans
When ancient whales finally parted company with the last remnants of
their legs about 35 million years ago, a relatively sudden genetic event
may have crowned an eons-long shrinking process.
An international group of scientists led by Hans Thewissen, Ph.D., a
professor of anatomy at Northeastern Ohio Universities College of
Medicine, has used developmental data from contemporary spotted dolphins
and fossils of ancient whales to try to pinpoint the genetic changes
that could have caused whales, dolphins and porpoises to lose their hind
limbs.
More than 50 million years ago the ancestors of whales and dolphins were
four-footed land animals, not unlike large dogs. They became the sleek
swimmers we recognize today during the next 15 million years, losing
their hind limbs in a dramatic example of evolutionary change.
"We can see from fossils that whales clearly lived on land - they
actually share a common ancestor with hippos, camels and deer," said
team member Martin Cohn, Ph.D., a developmental biologist and associate
professor with the UF departments of zoology and anatomy and cell
biology and a member of the UF Genetics Institute. "Their transition to
an aquatic lifestyle occurred long before they eliminated their hind
limbs. During the transition, their limbs became smaller, but they kept
the same number and arrangement of hind limb bones as their terrestrial
ancestors."
In findings to be published this week in the Proceedings of the National
Academy of Sciences, scientists say the gradual shrinkage of the whales'
hind limbs over 15 million years was the result of slowly accumulated
genetic changes that influenced the size of the limbs and that these
changes happened sometime late in development, during the fetal period.
However, the actual loss of the hind limb occurred much further along in
the evolutionary process, when a drastic change occurred to inactivate a
gene essential for limb development. This gene - called Sonic hedgehog -
functions during the first quarter of gestation in the embryonic period
of the animals' development, before the fetal period.
In all limbed vertebrates, Sonic hedgehog is required for normal limbs
to develop beyond the knee and elbow joints. Because ancient whales'
hind limbs remained perfectly formed all the way to the toes even as
they became smaller suggests that Sonic hedgehog was still functioning
to pattern the limb skeleton.
The new research shows that, near the end of 15 million years, with the
hind limbs of ancient whales nonfunctional and all but gone, lack of
Sonic hedgehog clearly comes into play. While the animals still may have
developed embryonic hind limb buds, as happens in today's spotted
dolphins, they didn't have the Sonic hedgehog required to grow a
complete or even partial limb, although it is active elsewhere in the
embryo.
The team also showed why Sonic hedgehog became inactive and all traces
of hind limbs vanished at the end of this stage of whale evolution, said
Cohn. A gene called Hand2, which normally functions as a switch to turn
on Sonic hedgehog, was shown to be inactive in the hind limb buds of
dolphins. Without it, limb development grinds to a halt.
"By integrating data from fossils with developmental data from embryonic
dolphins, we were able to trace these genetic changes to the point in
time when they happened," Thewissen said.
"Studies on swimming in mammals show that a sleek body is necessary for
efficient swimming, because projecting organs such as rudimentary hind
limbs cause a lot of drag, and slow a swimmer down," said Thewissen, who
spends about a month every year in Pakistan and India collecting fossils
that document the land-to-water transition of whales.
Researchers say the findings tend to support traditional evolutionary
theory, a la Charles Darwin, that says minor changes over vast expanses
of time add up to big changes. And while Sonic hedgehog's role in the
evolution of hind limbs in ancient whales is becoming apparent, it is
still not fully defined.
"It's clear when ancient whales lost all vestiges of the limb it was
probably triggered by loss of Sonic hedgehog," said Clifford Tabin,
Ph.D., a professor of genetics at Harvard Medical School who was not
involved in the research. "But it's hard to say for certain because
you're looking at events long after they occurred. As they suggest,
there could have been a continual decrease in Sonic as the limbs reduced
until the modern version of the animal arrived."
The study itself, combining fossil and developmental data, is notable,
Tabin said.
"Whales went through this remarkable transformation to become more like
the ancestral fish," Tabin said. "Convergence of evolutionary studies
and developmental genetics give us another piece in this growing
tapestry of how genetic changes lead to morphological change. It is a
remarkable process that was achieved simply and led to profound
consequences in how whales were able to survive. Only now in the last
five years are we developing this understanding of how the world of
evolution is controlled genetically."
---
http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2006-05/uof-haw052206.php
--
John Hachmann aa #1782
"Those who can make you believe absurdities can make you commit atrocities"
-Voltaire
Contact - Throw a .net over the .com
.
|
|
| User: "Michelle Malkin" |
|
| Title: Re: How ancient whales lost their legs |
26 May 2006 09:30:09 PM |
|
|
"johac" <jhachmann@sbcglobal.com> wrote in message
news:jhachmann-9D4A89.16165326052006@news.giganews.com...
Closing some more 'gaps'.
---
How ancient whales lost their legs, got sleek and conquered the oceans
When ancient whales finally parted company with the last remnants of
their legs about 35 million years ago, a relatively sudden genetic event
may have crowned an eons-long shrinking process.
An international group of scientists led by Hans Thewissen, Ph.D., a
professor of anatomy at Northeastern Ohio Universities College of
Medicine, has used developmental data from contemporary spotted dolphins
and fossils of ancient whales to try to pinpoint the genetic changes
that could have caused whales, dolphins and porpoises to lose their hind
limbs.
More than 50 million years ago the ancestors of whales and dolphins were
four-footed land animals, not unlike large dogs. They became the sleek
swimmers we recognize today during the next 15 million years, losing
their hind limbs in a dramatic example of evolutionary change.
"We can see from fossils that whales clearly lived on land - they
actually share a common ancestor with hippos, camels and deer," said
team member Martin Cohn, Ph.D., a developmental biologist and associate
professor with the UF departments of zoology and anatomy and cell
biology and a member of the UF Genetics Institute. "Their transition to
an aquatic lifestyle occurred long before they eliminated their hind
limbs. During the transition, their limbs became smaller, but they kept
the same number and arrangement of hind limb bones as their terrestrial
ancestors."
In findings to be published this week in the Proceedings of the National
Academy of Sciences, scientists say the gradual shrinkage of the whales'
hind limbs over 15 million years was the result of slowly accumulated
genetic changes that influenced the size of the limbs and that these
changes happened sometime late in development, during the fetal period.
However, the actual loss of the hind limb occurred much further along in
the evolutionary process, when a drastic change occurred to inactivate a
gene essential for limb development. This gene - called Sonic hedgehog -
functions during the first quarter of gestation in the embryonic period
of the animals' development, before the fetal period.
In all limbed vertebrates, Sonic hedgehog is required for normal limbs
to develop beyond the knee and elbow joints. Because ancient whales'
hind limbs remained perfectly formed all the way to the toes even as
they became smaller suggests that Sonic hedgehog was still functioning
to pattern the limb skeleton.
The new research shows that, near the end of 15 million years, with the
hind limbs of ancient whales nonfunctional and all but gone, lack of
Sonic hedgehog clearly comes into play. While the animals still may have
developed embryonic hind limb buds, as happens in today's spotted
dolphins, they didn't have the Sonic hedgehog required to grow a
complete or even partial limb, although it is active elsewhere in the
embryo.
The team also showed why Sonic hedgehog became inactive and all traces
of hind limbs vanished at the end of this stage of whale evolution, said
Cohn. A gene called Hand2, which normally functions as a switch to turn
on Sonic hedgehog, was shown to be inactive in the hind limb buds of
dolphins. Without it, limb development grinds to a halt.
"By integrating data from fossils with developmental data from embryonic
dolphins, we were able to trace these genetic changes to the point in
time when they happened," Thewissen said.
"Studies on swimming in mammals show that a sleek body is necessary for
efficient swimming, because projecting organs such as rudimentary hind
limbs cause a lot of drag, and slow a swimmer down," said Thewissen, who
spends about a month every year in Pakistan and India collecting fossils
that document the land-to-water transition of whales.
Researchers say the findings tend to support traditional evolutionary
theory, a la Charles Darwin, that says minor changes over vast expanses
of time add up to big changes. And while Sonic hedgehog's role in the
evolution of hind limbs in ancient whales is becoming apparent, it is
still not fully defined.
"It's clear when ancient whales lost all vestiges of the limb it was
probably triggered by loss of Sonic hedgehog," said Clifford Tabin,
Ph.D., a professor of genetics at Harvard Medical School who was not
involved in the research. "But it's hard to say for certain because
you're looking at events long after they occurred. As they suggest,
there could have been a continual decrease in Sonic as the limbs reduced
until the modern version of the animal arrived."
The study itself, combining fossil and developmental data, is notable,
Tabin said.
"Whales went through this remarkable transformation to become more like
the ancestral fish," Tabin said. "Convergence of evolutionary studies
and developmental genetics give us another piece in this growing
tapestry of how genetic changes lead to morphological change. It is a
remarkable process that was achieved simply and led to profound
consequences in how whales were able to survive. Only now in the last
five years are we developing this understanding of how the world of
evolution is controlled genetically."
Sonic hedgehog?
.
|
|
|
| User: "johac" |
|
| Title: Re: How ancient whales lost their legs |
27 May 2006 01:15:39 AM |
|
|
In article <iNSdncACsLoCJOrZnZ2dneKdnZydnZ2d@comcast.com>,
"Michelle Malkin" <hypatiab7@comcast.net> wrote:
"johac" <jhachmann@sbcglobal.com> wrote in message
news:jhachmann-9D4A89.16165326052006@news.giganews.com...
Closing some more 'gaps'.
---
How ancient whales lost their legs, got sleek and conquered the oceans
When ancient whales finally parted company with the last remnants of
their legs about 35 million years ago, a relatively sudden genetic event
may have crowned an eons-long shrinking process.
An international group of scientists led by Hans Thewissen, Ph.D., a
professor of anatomy at Northeastern Ohio Universities College of
Medicine, has used developmental data from contemporary spotted dolphins
and fossils of ancient whales to try to pinpoint the genetic changes
that could have caused whales, dolphins and porpoises to lose their hind
limbs.
More than 50 million years ago the ancestors of whales and dolphins were
four-footed land animals, not unlike large dogs. They became the sleek
swimmers we recognize today during the next 15 million years, losing
their hind limbs in a dramatic example of evolutionary change.
"We can see from fossils that whales clearly lived on land - they
actually share a common ancestor with hippos, camels and deer," said
team member Martin Cohn, Ph.D., a developmental biologist and associate
professor with the UF departments of zoology and anatomy and cell
biology and a member of the UF Genetics Institute. "Their transition to
an aquatic lifestyle occurred long before they eliminated their hind
limbs. During the transition, their limbs became smaller, but they kept
the same number and arrangement of hind limb bones as their terrestrial
ancestors."
In findings to be published this week in the Proceedings of the National
Academy of Sciences, scientists say the gradual shrinkage of the whales'
hind limbs over 15 million years was the result of slowly accumulated
genetic changes that influenced the size of the limbs and that these
changes happened sometime late in development, during the fetal period.
However, the actual loss of the hind limb occurred much further along in
the evolutionary process, when a drastic change occurred to inactivate a
gene essential for limb development. This gene - called Sonic hedgehog -
functions during the first quarter of gestation in the embryonic period
of the animals' development, before the fetal period.
In all limbed vertebrates, Sonic hedgehog is required for normal limbs
to develop beyond the knee and elbow joints. Because ancient whales'
hind limbs remained perfectly formed all the way to the toes even as
they became smaller suggests that Sonic hedgehog was still functioning
to pattern the limb skeleton.
The new research shows that, near the end of 15 million years, with the
hind limbs of ancient whales nonfunctional and all but gone, lack of
Sonic hedgehog clearly comes into play. While the animals still may have
developed embryonic hind limb buds, as happens in today's spotted
dolphins, they didn't have the Sonic hedgehog required to grow a
complete or even partial limb, although it is active elsewhere in the
embryo.
The team also showed why Sonic hedgehog became inactive and all traces
of hind limbs vanished at the end of this stage of whale evolution, said
Cohn. A gene called Hand2, which normally functions as a switch to turn
on Sonic hedgehog, was shown to be inactive in the hind limb buds of
dolphins. Without it, limb development grinds to a halt.
"By integrating data from fossils with developmental data from embryonic
dolphins, we were able to trace these genetic changes to the point in
time when they happened," Thewissen said.
"Studies on swimming in mammals show that a sleek body is necessary for
efficient swimming, because projecting organs such as rudimentary hind
limbs cause a lot of drag, and slow a swimmer down," said Thewissen, who
spends about a month every year in Pakistan and India collecting fossils
that document the land-to-water transition of whales.
Researchers say the findings tend to support traditional evolutionary
theory, a la Charles Darwin, that says minor changes over vast expanses
of time add up to big changes. And while Sonic hedgehog's role in the
evolution of hind limbs in ancient whales is becoming apparent, it is
still not fully defined.
"It's clear when ancient whales lost all vestiges of the limb it was
probably triggered by loss of Sonic hedgehog," said Clifford Tabin,
Ph.D., a professor of genetics at Harvard Medical School who was not
involved in the research. "But it's hard to say for certain because
you're looking at events long after they occurred. As they suggest,
there could have been a continual decrease in Sonic as the limbs reduced
until the modern version of the animal arrived."
The study itself, combining fossil and developmental data, is notable,
Tabin said.
"Whales went through this remarkable transformation to become more like
the ancestral fish," Tabin said. "Convergence of evolutionary studies
and developmental genetics give us another piece in this growing
tapestry of how genetic changes lead to morphological change. It is a
remarkable process that was achieved simply and led to profound
consequences in how whales were able to survive. Only now in the last
five years are we developing this understanding of how the world of
evolution is controlled genetically."
Sonic hedgehog?
Geneticists have some very whimsical ideas when it comes to naming
genes. The gene, important for embryonic development, was first found
in flies. A mutation gave the embryo the appearance of being covered
with hairs, looking something like a hedgehog. Vertebrates have three
hedgehog genes. One is called Indian hedgehog, another desert hedgehog,
and I guess they ran out of ideas for the third so they called it sonic
hedgehog, after the game character, There are other hedgehog genes:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonic_hedgehog
--
John Hachmann aa #1782
"Those who can make you believe absurdities can make you commit atrocities"
-Voltaire
Contact - Throw a .net over the .com
.
|
|
|
| User: "Mark K. Bilbo" |
|
| Title: Re: How ancient whales lost their legs |
27 May 2006 07:11:48 PM |
|
|
Previously, on alt.atheism, johac in episode
<jhachmann-7A9FD9.23153926052006@news.giganews.com>...
In article <iNSdncACsLoCJOrZnZ2dneKdnZydnZ2d@comcast.com>,
"Michelle Malkin" <hypatiab7@comcast.net> wrote:
"johac" <jhachmann@sbcglobal.com> wrote in message
news:jhachmann-9D4A89.16165326052006@news.giganews.com...
Closing some more 'gaps'.
---
How ancient whales lost their legs, got sleek and conquered the oceans
When ancient whales finally parted company with the last remnants of
their legs about 35 million years ago, a relatively sudden genetic
event may have crowned an eons-long shrinking process.
An international group of scientists led by Hans Thewissen, Ph.D., a
professor of anatomy at Northeastern Ohio Universities College of
Medicine, has used developmental data from contemporary spotted
dolphins and fossils of ancient whales to try to pinpoint the genetic
changes that could have caused whales, dolphins and porpoises to lose
their hind limbs.
More than 50 million years ago the ancestors of whales and dolphins
were four-footed land animals, not unlike large dogs. They became the
sleek swimmers we recognize today during the next 15 million years,
losing their hind limbs in a dramatic example of evolutionary change.
"We can see from fossils that whales clearly lived on land - they
actually share a common ancestor with hippos, camels and deer," said
team member Martin Cohn, Ph.D., a developmental biologist and
associate professor with the UF departments of zoology and anatomy and
cell biology and a member of the UF Genetics Institute. "Their
transition to an aquatic lifestyle occurred long before they
eliminated their hind limbs. During the transition, their limbs became
smaller, but they kept the same number and arrangement of hind limb
bones as their terrestrial ancestors."
In findings to be published this week in the Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences, scientists say the gradual shrinkage of
the whales' hind limbs over 15 million years was the result of slowly
accumulated genetic changes that influenced the size of the limbs and
that these changes happened sometime late in development, during the
fetal period.
However, the actual loss of the hind limb occurred much further along
in the evolutionary process, when a drastic change occurred to
inactivate a gene essential for limb development. This gene - called
Sonic hedgehog - functions during the first quarter of gestation in
the embryonic period of the animals' development, before the fetal
period.
In all limbed vertebrates, Sonic hedgehog is required for normal limbs
to develop beyond the knee and elbow joints. Because ancient whales'
hind limbs remained perfectly formed all the way to the toes even as
they became smaller suggests that Sonic hedgehog was still functioning
to pattern the limb skeleton.
The new research shows that, near the end of 15 million years, with
the hind limbs of ancient whales nonfunctional and all but gone, lack
of Sonic hedgehog clearly comes into play. While the animals still may
have developed embryonic hind limb buds, as happens in today's spotted
dolphins, they didn't have the Sonic hedgehog required to grow a
complete or even partial limb, although it is active elsewhere in the
embryo.
The team also showed why Sonic hedgehog became inactive and all traces
of hind limbs vanished at the end of this stage of whale evolution,
said Cohn. A gene called Hand2, which normally functions as a switch
to turn on Sonic hedgehog, was shown to be inactive in the hind limb
buds of dolphins. Without it, limb development grinds to a halt.
"By integrating data from fossils with developmental data from
embryonic dolphins, we were able to trace these genetic changes to the
point in time when they happened," Thewissen said.
"Studies on swimming in mammals show that a sleek body is necessary
for efficient swimming, because projecting organs such as rudimentary
hind limbs cause a lot of drag, and slow a swimmer down," said
Thewissen, who spends about a month every year in Pakistan and India
collecting fossils that document the land-to-water transition of
whales.
Researchers say the findings tend to support traditional evolutionary
theory, a la Charles Darwin, that says minor changes over vast
expanses of time add up to big changes. And while Sonic hedgehog's
role in the evolution of hind limbs in ancient whales is becoming
apparent, it is still not fully defined.
"It's clear when ancient whales lost all vestiges of the limb it was
probably triggered by loss of Sonic hedgehog," said Clifford Tabin,
Ph.D., a professor of genetics at Harvard Medical School who was not
involved in the research. "But it's hard to say for certain because
you're looking at events long after they occurred. As they suggest,
there could have been a continual decrease in Sonic as the limbs
reduced until the modern version of the animal arrived."
The study itself, combining fossil and developmental data, is notable,
Tabin said.
"Whales went through this remarkable transformation to become more
like the ancestral fish," Tabin said. "Convergence of evolutionary
studies and developmental genetics give us another piece in this
growing tapestry of how genetic changes lead to morphological change.
It is a remarkable process that was achieved simply and led to
profound consequences in how whales were able to survive. Only now in
the last five years are we developing this understanding of how the
world of evolution is controlled genetically."
Sonic hedgehog?
Geneticists have some very whimsical ideas when it comes to naming genes.
The gene, important for embryonic development, was first found in flies. A
mutation gave the embryo the appearance of being covered with hairs,
looking something like a hedgehog. Vertebrates have three hedgehog genes.
One is called Indian hedgehog, another desert hedgehog, and I guess they
ran out of ideas for the third so they called it sonic hedgehog, after the
game character, There are other hedgehog genes:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonic_hedgehog
Sounds like physicists with their quarks and gluons and glueballs and
quarks that are charmed or strange...
--
Mark K. Bilbo
--------------------------------------------------
"As hip as it is for outsiders to blame New Orleans
for everything bad that happened during and after
Hurricane Katrina, the truth is that the people
who lived here were much more prepared for a big
storm than the federal government that promised
us flood protection." [Jarvis DeBerry]
http://makeashorterlink.com/?V180525DC
"Everything New Orleans"
http://www.nola.com
.
|
|
|
| User: "Michelle Malkin" |
|
| Title: Re: How ancient whales lost their legs |
27 May 2006 11:17:41 PM |
|
|
"Mark K. Bilbo" <alt-atheism@org.webmaster> wrote in message
news:F-idnY056LlZd-XZnZ2dnUVZ_tSdnZ2d@megapath.net...
Previously, on alt.atheism, johac in episode
<jhachmann-7A9FD9.23153926052006@news.giganews.com>...
In article <iNSdncACsLoCJOrZnZ2dneKdnZydnZ2d@comcast.com>,
"Michelle Malkin" <hypatiab7@comcast.net> wrote:
"johac" <jhachmann@sbcglobal.com> wrote in message
news:jhachmann-9D4A89.16165326052006@news.giganews.com...
Closing some more 'gaps'.
---
How ancient whales lost their legs, got sleek and conquered the oceans
When ancient whales finally parted company with the last remnants of
their legs about 35 million years ago, a relatively sudden genetic
event may have crowned an eons-long shrinking process.
An international group of scientists led by Hans Thewissen, Ph.D., a
professor of anatomy at Northeastern Ohio Universities College of
Medicine, has used developmental data from contemporary spotted
dolphins and fossils of ancient whales to try to pinpoint the genetic
changes that could have caused whales, dolphins and porpoises to lose
their hind limbs.
More than 50 million years ago the ancestors of whales and dolphins
were four-footed land animals, not unlike large dogs. They became the
sleek swimmers we recognize today during the next 15 million years,
losing their hind limbs in a dramatic example of evolutionary change.
"We can see from fossils that whales clearly lived on land - they
actually share a common ancestor with hippos, camels and deer," said
team member Martin Cohn, Ph.D., a developmental biologist and
associate professor with the UF departments of zoology and anatomy and
cell biology and a member of the UF Genetics Institute. "Their
transition to an aquatic lifestyle occurred long before they
eliminated their hind limbs. During the transition, their limbs became
smaller, but they kept the same number and arrangement of hind limb
bones as their terrestrial ancestors."
In findings to be published this week in the Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences, scientists say the gradual shrinkage of
the whales' hind limbs over 15 million years was the result of slowly
accumulated genetic changes that influenced the size of the limbs and
that these changes happened sometime late in development, during the
fetal period.
However, the actual loss of the hind limb occurred much further along
in the evolutionary process, when a drastic change occurred to
inactivate a gene essential for limb development. This gene - called
Sonic hedgehog - functions during the first quarter of gestation in
the embryonic period of the animals' development, before the fetal
period.
In all limbed vertebrates, Sonic hedgehog is required for normal limbs
to develop beyond the knee and elbow joints. Because ancient whales'
hind limbs remained perfectly formed all the way to the toes even as
they became smaller suggests that Sonic hedgehog was still functioning
to pattern the limb skeleton.
The new research shows that, near the end of 15 million years, with
the hind limbs of ancient whales nonfunctional and all but gone, lack
of Sonic hedgehog clearly comes into play. While the animals still may
have developed embryonic hind limb buds, as happens in today's spotted
dolphins, they didn't have the Sonic hedgehog required to grow a
complete or even partial limb, although it is active elsewhere in the
embryo.
The team also showed why Sonic hedgehog became inactive and all traces
of hind limbs vanished at the end of this stage of whale evolution,
said Cohn. A gene called Hand2, which normally functions as a switch
to turn on Sonic hedgehog, was shown to be inactive in the hind limb
buds of dolphins. Without it, limb development grinds to a halt.
"By integrating data from fossils with developmental data from
embryonic dolphins, we were able to trace these genetic changes to the
point in time when they happened," Thewissen said.
"Studies on swimming in mammals show that a sleek body is necessary
for efficient swimming, because projecting organs such as rudimentary
hind limbs cause a lot of drag, and slow a swimmer down," said
Thewissen, who spends about a month every year in Pakistan and India
collecting fossils that document the land-to-water transition of
whales.
Researchers say the findings tend to support traditional evolutionary
theory, a la Charles Darwin, that says minor changes over vast
expanses of time add up to big changes. And while Sonic hedgehog's
role in the evolution of hind limbs in ancient whales is becoming
apparent, it is still not fully defined.
"It's clear when ancient whales lost all vestiges of the limb it was
probably triggered by loss of Sonic hedgehog," said Clifford Tabin,
Ph.D., a professor of genetics at Harvard Medical School who was not
involved in the research. "But it's hard to say for certain because
you're looking at events long after they occurred. As they suggest,
there could have been a continual decrease in Sonic as the limbs
reduced until the modern version of the animal arrived."
The study itself, combining fossil and developmental data, is notable,
Tabin said.
"Whales went through this remarkable transformation to become more
like the ancestral fish," Tabin said. "Convergence of evolutionary
studies and developmental genetics give us another piece in this
growing tapestry of how genetic changes lead to morphological change.
It is a remarkable process that was achieved simply and led to
profound consequences in how whales were able to survive. Only now in
the last five years are we developing this understanding of how the
world of evolution is controlled genetically."
Sonic hedgehog?
Geneticists have some very whimsical ideas when it comes to naming genes.
The gene, important for embryonic development, was first found in flies.
A
mutation gave the embryo the appearance of being covered with hairs,
looking something like a hedgehog. Vertebrates have three hedgehog genes.
One is called Indian hedgehog, another desert hedgehog, and I guess they
ran out of ideas for the third so they called it sonic hedgehog, after
the
game character, There are other hedgehog genes:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonic_hedgehog
Sounds like physicists with their quarks and gluons and glueballs and
quarks that are charmed or strange...
Thanks. It kind of humanizes them.
--
^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^
Michelle Malkin (Mickey) aa list#1
BAAWA Knight & Bible Thumper Thumper
^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^
--
Mark K. Bilbo
--------------------------------------------------
"As hip as it is for outsiders to blame New Orleans
for everything bad that happened during and after
Hurricane Katrina, the truth is that the people
who lived here were much more prepared for a big
storm than the federal government that promised
us flood protection." [Jarvis DeBerry]
http://makeashorterlink.com/?V180525DC
"Everything New Orleans"
http://www.nola.com
.
|
|
|
| User: "johac" |
|
| Title: Re: How ancient whales lost their legs |
28 May 2006 01:19:52 AM |
|
|
In article <I6OdnU_cnZ7-ueTZRVn-hg@comcast.com>,
"Michelle Malkin" <hypatiab7@comcast.net> wrote:
"Mark K. Bilbo" <alt-atheism@org.webmaster> wrote in message
news:F-idnY056LlZd-XZnZ2dnUVZ_tSdnZ2d@megapath.net...
Previously, on alt.atheism, johac in episode
<jhachmann-7A9FD9.23153926052006@news.giganews.com>...
In article <iNSdncACsLoCJOrZnZ2dneKdnZydnZ2d@comcast.com>,
"Michelle Malkin" <hypatiab7@comcast.net> wrote:
"johac" <jhachmann@sbcglobal.com> wrote in message
news:jhachmann-9D4A89.16165326052006@news.giganews.com...
Closing some more 'gaps'.
---
How ancient whales lost their legs, got sleek and conquered the oceans
When ancient whales finally parted company with the last remnants of
their legs about 35 million years ago, a relatively sudden genetic
event may have crowned an eons-long shrinking process.
An international group of scientists led by Hans Thewissen, Ph.D., a
professor of anatomy at Northeastern Ohio Universities College of
Medicine, has used developmental data from contemporary spotted
dolphins and fossils of ancient whales to try to pinpoint the genetic
changes that could have caused whales, dolphins and porpoises to lose
their hind limbs.
More than 50 million years ago the ancestors of whales and dolphins
were four-footed land animals, not unlike large dogs. They became the
sleek swimmers we recognize today during the next 15 million years,
losing their hind limbs in a dramatic example of evolutionary change.
"We can see from fossils that whales clearly lived on land - they
actually share a common ancestor with hippos, camels and deer," said
team member Martin Cohn, Ph.D., a developmental biologist and
associate professor with the UF departments of zoology and anatomy and
cell biology and a member of the UF Genetics Institute. "Their
transition to an aquatic lifestyle occurred long before they
eliminated their hind limbs. During the transition, their limbs became
smaller, but they kept the same number and arrangement of hind limb
bones as their terrestrial ancestors."
In findings to be published this week in the Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences, scientists say the gradual shrinkage of
the whales' hind limbs over 15 million years was the result of slowly
accumulated genetic changes that influenced the size of the limbs and
that these changes happened sometime late in development, during the
fetal period.
However, the actual loss of the hind limb occurred much further along
in the evolutionary process, when a drastic change occurred to
inactivate a gene essential for limb development. This gene - called
Sonic hedgehog - functions during the first quarter of gestation in
the embryonic period of the animals' development, before the fetal
period.
In all limbed vertebrates, Sonic hedgehog is required for normal limbs
to develop beyond the knee and elbow joints. Because ancient whales'
hind limbs remained perfectly formed all the way to the toes even as
they became smaller suggests that Sonic hedgehog was still functioning
to pattern the limb skeleton.
The new research shows that, near the end of 15 million years, with
the hind limbs of ancient whales nonfunctional and all but gone, lack
of Sonic hedgehog clearly comes into play. While the animals still may
have developed embryonic hind limb buds, as happens in today's spotted
dolphins, they didn't have the Sonic hedgehog required to grow a
complete or even partial limb, although it is active elsewhere in the
embryo.
The team also showed why Sonic hedgehog became inactive and all traces
of hind limbs vanished at the end of this stage of whale evolution,
said Cohn. A gene called Hand2, which normally functions as a switch
to turn on Sonic hedgehog, was shown to be inactive in the hind limb
buds of dolphins. Without it, limb development grinds to a halt.
"By integrating data from fossils with developmental data from
embryonic dolphins, we were able to trace these genetic changes to the
point in time when they happened," Thewissen said.
"Studies on swimming in mammals show that a sleek body is necessary
for efficient swimming, because projecting organs such as rudimentary
hind limbs cause a lot of drag, and slow a swimmer down," said
Thewissen, who spends about a month every year in Pakistan and India
collecting fossils that document the land-to-water transition of
whales.
Researchers say the findings tend to support traditional evolutionary
theory, a la Charles Darwin, that says minor changes over vast
expanses of time add up to big changes. And while Sonic hedgehog's
role in the evolution of hind limbs in ancient whales is becoming
apparent, it is still not fully defined.
"It's clear when ancient whales lost all vestiges of the limb it was
probably triggered by loss of Sonic hedgehog," said Clifford Tabin,
Ph.D., a professor of genetics at Harvard Medical School who was not
involved in the research. "But it's hard to say for certain because
you're looking at events long after they occurred. As they suggest,
there could have been a continual decrease in Sonic as the limbs
reduced until the modern version of the animal arrived."
The study itself, combining fossil and developmental data, is notable,
Tabin said.
"Whales went through this remarkable transformation to become more
like the ancestral fish," Tabin said. "Convergence of evolutionary
studies and developmental genetics give us another piece in this
growing tapestry of how genetic changes lead to morphological change.
It is a remarkable process that was achieved simply and led to
profound consequences in how whales were able to survive. Only now in
the last five years are we developing this understanding of how the
world of evolution is controlled genetically."
Sonic hedgehog?
Geneticists have some very whimsical ideas when it comes to naming genes.
The gene, important for embryonic development, was first found in flies.
A
mutation gave the embryo the appearance of being covered with hairs,
looking something like a hedgehog. Vertebrates have three hedgehog genes.
One is called Indian hedgehog, another desert hedgehog, and I guess they
ran out of ideas for the third so they called it sonic hedgehog, after
the
game character, There are other hedgehog genes:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonic_hedgehog
Sounds like physicists with their quarks and gluons and glueballs and
quarks that are charmed or strange...
Thanks. It kind of humanizes them.
Here's a list of some other genes with odd names. Most of these come
from Drosophila (fruit flies). I suppose if you had to sit in a lab all
day counting and categorizing fruit flies under a microscope, you might
want to have a little fun. Sorry, I don't know what all of those genes
do.
http://home.earthlink.net/~misaak/taxonomy/taxGene.html
I did notice one, tinman, after the character in "The Wizard of Oz" who
didn't have a heart. A mutation in this gene prevents the fly embyro
from developing a heart. Of course the embryo is dead.
Out of curiosity I searched for a scarecrow gene. There is one, but it
has nothing to do with the brain. It's found in plants. So I'm afraid we
can't use a mutation in the scarecrow gene to explain George W's
condition.
--
John Hachmann aa #1782
"Those who can make you believe absurdities can make you commit atrocities"
-Voltaire
Contact - Throw a .net over the .com
.
|
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|
| User: "Ben Kaufman" |
|
| Title: Re: How ancient whales lost their legs |
31 May 2006 11:28:24 AM |
|
|
On Sat, 27 May 2006 23:19:52 -0700, johac <jhachmann@sbcglobal.com> wrote:
<SNIP>
Out of curiosity I searched for a scarecrow gene. There is one, but it
has nothing to do with the brain. It's found in plants. So I'm afraid we
can't use a mutation in the scarecrow gene to explain George W's
condition.
What are you talking about, isn't he a bush? :-)
Ben
.
|
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| User: "johac" |
|
| Title: Re: How ancient whales lost their legs |
01 Jun 2006 11:58:26 PM |
|
|
In article <kugr729v8ev50tv55r4e1v4c0csv8gbl6h@4ax.com>,
Ben Kaufman <spaXm-mXe-anXd-paXy-5000-dollars@pobox.com> wrote:
On Sat, 27 May 2006 23:19:52 -0700, johac <jhachmann@sbcglobal.com> wrote:
<SNIP>
Out of curiosity I searched for a scarecrow gene. There is one, but it
has nothing to do with the brain. It's found in plants. So I'm afraid we
can't use a mutation in the scarecrow gene to explain George W's
condition.
What are you talking about, isn't he a bush? :-)
Now that you mention it..... :-)
Ben
--
John Hachmann aa #1782
"Those who can make you believe absurdities can make you commit atrocities"
-Voltaire
Contact - Throw a .net over the .com
.
|
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|
|
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|
| User: "Mark K. Bilbo" |
|
| Title: Re: How ancient whales lost their legs |
28 May 2006 06:59:12 AM |
|
|
Previously, on alt.atheism, Michelle Malkin in episode
<I6OdnU_cnZ7-ueTZRVn-hg@comcast.com>...
"Mark K. Bilbo" <alt-atheism@org.webmaster> wrote in message
news:F-idnY056LlZd-XZnZ2dnUVZ_tSdnZ2d@megapath.net...
Previously, on alt.atheism, johac in episode
<jhachmann-7A9FD9.23153926052006@news.giganews.com>...
In article <iNSdncACsLoCJOrZnZ2dneKdnZydnZ2d@comcast.com>,
"Michelle Malkin" <hypatiab7@comcast.net> wrote:
"johac" <jhachmann@sbcglobal.com> wrote in message
news:jhachmann-9D4A89.16165326052006@news.giganews.com...
Closing some more 'gaps'.
<snippage>
Geneticists have some very whimsical ideas when it comes to naming
genes. The gene, important for embryonic development, was first found
in flies. A
mutation gave the embryo the appearance of being covered with hairs,
looking something like a hedgehog. Vertebrates have three hedgehog
genes. One is called Indian hedgehog, another desert hedgehog, and I
guess they ran out of ideas for the third so they called it sonic
hedgehog, after the
game character, There are other hedgehog genes:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonic_hedgehog
Sounds like physicists with their quarks and gluons and glueballs and
quarks that are charmed or strange...
Thanks. It kind of humanizes them.
And, you know, it's easier to remember than the old tradition of Latin all
over the place. <G>
--
Mark K. Bilbo
--------------------------------------------------
"As hip as it is for outsiders to blame New Orleans
for everything bad that happened during and after
Hurricane Katrina, the truth is that the people
who lived here were much more prepared for a big
storm than the federal government that promised
us flood protection." [Jarvis DeBerry]
http://makeashorterlink.com/?V180525DC
"Everything New Orleans"
http://www.nola.com
.
|
|
|
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| User: "Liz" |
|
| Title: Re: How ancient whales lost their legs |
26 May 2006 08:38:38 PM |
|
|
On Fri, 26 May 2006 16:16:53 -0700, johac <jhachmann@sbcglobal.com> in
news message <jhachmann-9D4A89.16165326052006@news.giganews.com>
wrote:
[----]
This gene - called Sonic hedgehog -
I must know. Why did they call it Sonic hedgehog?
Überwench #658 Now a *real* atheist!
Dame Liz the Undaunted Ath.D BAAWA
Charter Member of SMASH
and Queen of the known universe
.
|
|
|
| User: "johac" |
|
| Title: Re: How ancient whales lost their legs |
27 May 2006 01:18:58 AM |
|
|
In article <46bf72pi7v7n1a556q6l5e42noophapnj4@4ax.com>,
Liz <ehuth1@donotspam.com> wrote:
On Fri, 26 May 2006 16:16:53 -0700, johac <jhachmann@sbcglobal.com> in
news message <jhachmann-9D4A89.16165326052006@news.giganews.com>
wrote:
[----]
This gene - called Sonic hedgehog -
I must know. Why did they call it Sonic hedgehog?
Geneticists have strange ideas when it comes to naming genes:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonic_hedgehog
--
John Hachmann aa #1782
"Those who can make you believe absurdities can make you commit atrocities"
-Voltaire
Contact - Throw a .net over the .com
.
|
|
|
| User: "Liz" |
|
| Title: Re: How ancient whales lost their legs |
27 May 2006 07:43:05 AM |
|
|
On Fri, 26 May 2006 23:18:58 -0700, johac <jhachmann@sbcglobal.com> in
news message <jhachmann-542FBB.23185826052006@news.giganews.com>
wrote:
In article <46bf72pi7v7n1a556q6l5e42noophapnj4@4ax.com>,
Liz <ehuth1@donotspam.com> wrote:
On Fri, 26 May 2006 16:16:53 -0700, johac <jhachmann@sbcglobal.com> in
news message <jhachmann-9D4A89.16165326052006@news.giganews.com>
wrote:
[----]
This gene - called Sonic hedgehog -
I must know. Why did they call it Sonic hedgehog?
Geneticists have strange ideas when it comes to naming genes:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonic_hedgehog
Thanks. It makes sense in a weird way. One sentence in the article
caught my eye, and perversely, I laughed.
"Some clinicians and scientists criticise giving genes frivolous or
quirky names, calling it inappropriate that patients with "a serious
illness or disability are told that they or their child have a
mutation in a gene such as Sonic hedgehog." [5]"
Überwench #658 Now a *real* atheist!
Dame Liz the Undaunted Ath.D BAAWA
Charter Member of SMASH
and Queen of the known universe
.
|
|
|
| User: "johac" |
|
| Title: Re: How ancient whales lost their legs |
28 May 2006 12:57:22 AM |
|
|
In article <28ig72dg7ittu3kdfvqvcb7jsd32ksnu76@4ax.com>,
Liz <ehuth1@donotspam.com> wrote:
On Fri, 26 May 2006 23:18:58 -0700, johac <jhachmann@sbcglobal.com> in
news message <jhachmann-542FBB.23185826052006@news.giganews.com>
wrote:
In article <46bf72pi7v7n1a556q6l5e42noophapnj4@4ax.com>,
Liz <ehuth1@donotspam.com> wrote:
On Fri, 26 May 2006 16:16:53 -0700, johac <jhachmann@sbcglobal.com> in
news message <jhachmann-9D4A89.16165326052006@news.giganews.com>
wrote:
[----]
This gene - called Sonic hedgehog -
I must know. Why did they call it Sonic hedgehog?
Geneticists have strange ideas when it comes to naming genes:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonic_hedgehog
Thanks. It makes sense in a weird way. One sentence in the article
caught my eye, and perversely, I laughed.
"Some clinicians and scientists criticise giving genes frivolous or
quirky names, calling it inappropriate that patients with "a serious
illness or disability are told that they or their child have a
mutation in a gene such as Sonic hedgehog." [5]"
That could be embarrassing.
--
John Hachmann aa #1782
"Those who can make you believe absurdities can make you commit atrocities"
-Voltaire
Contact - Throw a .net over the .com
.
|
|
|
|
| User: "Mark K. Bilbo" |
|
| Title: Re: How ancient whales lost their legs |
27 May 2006 07:47:25 PM |
|
|
Previously, on alt.atheism, Liz in episode
<28ig72dg7ittu3kdfvqvcb7jsd32ksnu76@4ax.com>...
On Fri, 26 May 2006 23:18:58 -0700, johac <jhachmann@sbcglobal.com> in
news message <jhachmann-542FBB.23185826052006@news.giganews.com> wrote:
In article <46bf72pi7v7n1a556q6l5e42noophapnj4@4ax.com>,
Liz <ehuth1@donotspam.com> wrote:
On Fri, 26 May 2006 16:16:53 -0700, johac <jhachmann@sbcglobal.com> in
news message <jhachmann-9D4A89.16165326052006@news.giganews.com> wrote:
[----]
This gene - called Sonic hedgehog -
I must know. Why did they call it Sonic hedgehog?
Geneticists have strange ideas when it comes to naming genes:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonic_hedgehog
Thanks. It makes sense in a weird way. One sentence in the article
caught my eye, and perversely, I laughed.
"Some clinicians and scientists criticise giving genes frivolous or quirky
names, calling it inappropriate that patients with "a serious illness or
disability are told that they or their child have a mutation in a gene
such as Sonic hedgehog." [5]"
How 'bout that tiggywinkle hedgehog gene?
--
Mark K. Bilbo
--------------------------------------------------
"As hip as it is for outsiders to blame New Orleans
for everything bad that happened during and after
Hurricane Katrina, the truth is that the people
who lived here were much more prepared for a big
storm than the federal government that promised
us flood protection." [Jarvis DeBerry]
http://makeashorterlink.com/?V180525DC
"Everything New Orleans"
http://www.nola.com
.
|
|
|
| User: "johac" |
|
| Title: Re: How ancient whales lost their legs |
28 May 2006 12:56:01 AM |
|
|
In article <leCdnVxQK5KAbuXZnZ2dneKdnZydnZ2d@megapath.net>,
"Mark K. Bilbo" <alt-atheism@org.webmaster> wrote:
Previously, on alt.atheism, Liz in episode
<28ig72dg7ittu3kdfvqvcb7jsd32ksnu76@4ax.com>...
On Fri, 26 May 2006 23:18:58 -0700, johac <jhachmann@sbcglobal.com> in
news message <jhachmann-542FBB.23185826052006@news.giganews.com> wrote:
In article <46bf72pi7v7n1a556q6l5e42noophapnj4@4ax.com>,
Liz <ehuth1@donotspam.com> wrote:
On Fri, 26 May 2006 16:16:53 -0700, johac <jhachmann@sbcglobal.com> in
news message <jhachmann-9D4A89.16165326052006@news.giganews.com> wrote:
[----]
This gene - called Sonic hedgehog -
I must know. Why did they call it Sonic hedgehog?
Geneticists have strange ideas when it comes to naming genes:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonic_hedgehog
Thanks. It makes sense in a weird way. One sentence in the article
caught my eye, and perversely, I laughed.
"Some clinicians and scientists criticise giving genes frivolous or quirky
names, calling it inappropriate that patients with "a serious illness or
disability are told that they or their child have a mutation in a gene
such as Sonic hedgehog." [5]"
How 'bout that tiggywinkle hedgehog gene?
Maybe they'll find a tinky winky gene. I wonder what old Jerry Foolwell
would have to say about that.
--
John Hachmann aa #1782
"Those who can make you believe absurdities can make you commit atrocities"
-Voltaire
Contact - Throw a .net over the .com
.
|
|
|
| User: "stoney" |
|
| Title: Re: How ancient whales lost their legs |
29 May 2006 05:42:49 PM |
|
|
On Sat, 27 May 2006 22:56:01 -0700, johac <jhachmann@sbcglobal.com>
wrote in alt.atheism
In article <leCdnVxQK5KAbuXZnZ2dneKdnZydnZ2d@megapath.net>,
"Mark K. Bilbo" <alt-atheism@org.webmaster> wrote:
Previously, on alt.atheism, Liz in episode
<28ig72dg7ittu3kdfvqvcb7jsd32ksnu76@4ax.com>...
On Fri, 26 May 2006 23:18:58 -0700, johac <jhachmann@sbcglobal.com> in
news message <jhachmann-542FBB.23185826052006@news.giganews.com> wrote:
In article <46bf72pi7v7n1a556q6l5e42noophapnj4@4ax.com>,
Liz <ehuth1@donotspam.com> wrote:
On Fri, 26 May 2006 16:16:53 -0700, johac <jhachmann@sbcglobal.com> in
news message <jhachmann-9D4A89.16165326052006@news.giganews.com> wrote:
[----]
This gene - called Sonic hedgehog -
I must know. Why did they call it Sonic hedgehog?
Geneticists have strange ideas when it comes to naming genes:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonic_hedgehog
Thanks. It makes sense in a weird way. One sentence in the article
caught my eye, and perversely, I laughed.
"Some clinicians and scientists criticise giving genes frivolous or quirky
names, calling it inappropriate that patients with "a serious illness or
disability are told that they or their child have a mutation in a gene
such as Sonic hedgehog." [5]"
How 'bout that tiggywinkle hedgehog gene?
Maybe they'll find a tinky winky gene. I wonder what old Jerry Foolwell
would have to say about that.
Hopefully his blood pump would explode.
--
Fundies and trolls are cordially invited to
shove a wooden cross up their arses and rotate
at a high rate of speed. I trust you'll
be 'blessed' with a plethora of splinters.
.
|
|
|
| User: "johac" |
|
| Title: Re: How ancient whales lost their legs |
29 May 2006 11:33:47 PM |
|
|
In article <j6um7258lt2dqiin249t45rf7fr52epe1t@4ax.com>,
stoney <stoney@the.net> wrote:
On Sat, 27 May 2006 22:56:01 -0700, johac <jhachmann@sbcglobal.com>
wrote in alt.atheism
In article <leCdnVxQK5KAbuXZnZ2dneKdnZydnZ2d@megapath.net>,
"Mark K. Bilbo" <alt-atheism@org.webmaster> wrote:
Previously, on alt.atheism, Liz in episode
<28ig72dg7ittu3kdfvqvcb7jsd32ksnu76@4ax.com>...
On Fri, 26 May 2006 23:18:58 -0700, johac <jhachmann@sbcglobal.com> in
news message <jhachmann-542FBB.23185826052006@news.giganews.com> wrote:
In article <46bf72pi7v7n1a556q6l5e42noophapnj4@4ax.com>,
Liz <ehuth1@donotspam.com> wrote:
On Fri, 26 May 2006 16:16:53 -0700, johac <jhachmann@sbcglobal.com> in
news message <jhachmann-9D4A89.16165326052006@news.giganews.com>
wrote:
[----]
This gene - called Sonic hedgehog -
I must know. Why did they call it Sonic hedgehog?
Geneticists have strange ideas when it comes to naming genes:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonic_hedgehog
Thanks. It makes sense in a weird way. One sentence in the article
caught my eye, and perversely, I laughed.
"Some clinicians and scientists criticise giving genes frivolous or
quirky
names, calling it inappropriate that patients with "a serious illness or
disability are told that they or their child have a mutation in a gene
such as Sonic hedgehog." [5]"
How 'bout that tiggywinkle hedgehog gene?
Maybe they'll find a tinky winky gene. I wonder what old Jerry Foolwell
would have to say about that.
Hopefully his blood pump would explode.
And the obituaries blame his death on a mutation defect in his tinky
winky gene.
--
John Hachmann aa #1782
"Those who can make you believe absurdities can make you commit atrocities"
-Voltaire
Contact - Throw a .net over the .com
.
|
|
|
| User: "stoney" |
|
| Title: Re: How ancient whales lost their legs |
31 May 2006 11:38:25 AM |
|
|
On Mon, 29 May 2006 21:33:47 -0700, johac <jhachmann@sbcglobal.com>
wrote in alt.atheism
In article <j6um7258lt2dqiin249t45rf7fr52epe1t@4ax.com>,
stoney <stoney@the.net> wrote:
On Sat, 27 May 2006 22:56:01 -0700, johac <jhachmann@sbcglobal.com>
wrote in alt.atheism
In article <leCdnVxQK5KAbuXZnZ2dneKdnZydnZ2d@megapath.net>,
"Mark K. Bilbo" <alt-atheism@org.webmaster> wrote:
Previously, on alt.atheism, Liz in episode
<28ig72dg7ittu3kdfvqvcb7jsd32ksnu76@4ax.com>...
On Fri, 26 May 2006 23:18:58 -0700, johac <jhachmann@sbcglobal.com> in
news message <jhachmann-542FBB.23185826052006@news.giganews.com> wrote:
In article <46bf72pi7v7n1a556q6l5e42noophapnj4@4ax.com>,
Liz <ehuth1@donotspam.com> wrote:
On Fri, 26 May 2006 16:16:53 -0700, johac <jhachmann@sbcglobal.com> in
news message <jhachmann-9D4A89.16165326052006@news.giganews.com>
wrote:
[----]
This gene - called Sonic hedgehog -
I must know. Why did they call it Sonic hedgehog?
Geneticists have strange ideas when it comes to naming genes:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonic_hedgehog
Thanks. It makes sense in a weird way. One sentence in the article
caught my eye, and perversely, I laughed.
"Some clinicians and scientists criticise giving genes frivolous or
quirky
names, calling it inappropriate that patients with "a serious illness or
disability are told that they or their child have a mutation in a gene
such as Sonic hedgehog." [5]"
How 'bout that tiggywinkle hedgehog gene?
Maybe they'll find a tinky winky gene. I wonder what old Jerry Foolwell
would have to say about that.
Hopefully his blood pump would explode.
And the obituaries blame his death on a mutation defect in his tinky
winky gene.
When it was all part of the 'divine plan.'
--
Fundies and trolls are cordially invited to
shove a wooden cross up their arses and rotate
at a high rate of speed. I trust you'll
be 'blessed' with a plethora of splinters.
.
|
|
|
| User: "johac" |
|
| Title: Re: How ancient whales lost their legs |
01 Jun 2006 12:20:02 AM |
|
|
In article <gjhr72hl2uipcmoemgboa0o88jrsqah8lp@4ax.com>,
stoney <stoney@the.net> wrote:
On Mon, 29 May 2006 21:33:47 -0700, johac <jhachmann@sbcglobal.com>
wrote in alt.atheism
In article <j6um7258lt2dqiin249t45rf7fr52epe1t@4ax.com>,
stoney <stoney@the.net> wrote:
On Sat, 27 May 2006 22:56:01 -0700, johac <jhachmann@sbcglobal.com>
wrote in alt.atheism
In article <leCdnVxQK5KAbuXZnZ2dneKdnZydnZ2d@megapath.net>,
"Mark K. Bilbo" <alt-atheism@org.webmaster> wrote:
Previously, on alt.atheism, Liz in episode
<28ig72dg7ittu3kdfvqvcb7jsd32ksnu76@4ax.com>...
On Fri, 26 May 2006 23:18:58 -0700, johac <jhachmann@sbcglobal.com>
in
news message <jhachmann-542FBB.23185826052006@news.giganews.com>
wrote:
In article <46bf72pi7v7n1a556q6l5e42noophapnj4@4ax.com>,
Liz <ehuth1@donotspam.com> wrote:
On Fri, 26 May 2006 16:16:53 -0700, johac <jhachmann@sbcglobal.com>
in
news message <jhachmann-9D4A89.16165326052006@news.giganews.com>
wrote:
[----]
This gene - called Sonic hedgehog -
I must know. Why did they call it Sonic hedgehog?
Geneticists have strange ideas when it comes to naming genes:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonic_hedgehog
Thanks. It makes sense in a weird way. One sentence in the article
caught my eye, and perversely, I laughed.
"Some clinicians and scientists criticise giving genes frivolous or
quirky
names, calling it inappropriate that patients with "a serious illness
or
disability are told that they or their child have a mutation in a
gene
such as Sonic hedgehog." [5]"
How 'bout that tiggywinkle hedgehog gene?
Maybe they'll find a tinky winky gene. I wonder what old Jerry Foolwell
would have to say about that.
Hopefully his blood pump would explode.
And the obituaries blame his death on a mutation defect in his tinky
winky gene.
When it was all part of the 'divine plan.'
Yeah. Especially when he gets to Heaven and finds that Tinky Winky is
gawd. :-)
--
John Hachmann aa #1782
"Those who can make you believe absurdities can make you commit atrocities"
-Voltaire
Contact - Throw a .net over the .com
.
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| User: "Harry F. Leopold" |
|
| Title: Re: How ancient whales lost their legs |
30 May 2006 01:39:13 PM |
|
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On Mon, 29 May 2006 23:33:47 -0500, johac wrote
(in article <jhachmann-4D9722.21334729052006@news.giganews.com>):
In article <j6um7258lt2dqiin249t45rf7fr52epe1t@4ax.com>,
stoney <stoney@the.net> wrote:
On Sat, 27 May 2006 22:56:01 -0700, johac <jhachmann@sbcglobal.com>
wrote in alt.atheism
In article <leCdnVxQK5KAbuXZnZ2dneKdnZydnZ2d@megapath.net>,
"Mark K. Bilbo" <alt-atheism@org.webmaster> wrote:
Previously, on alt.atheism, Liz in episode
<28ig72dg7ittu3kdfvqvcb7jsd32ksnu76@4ax.com>...
On Fri, 26 May 2006 23:18:58 -0700, johac <jhachmann@sbcglobal.com> in
news message <jhachmann-542FBB.23185826052006@news.giganews.com> wrote:
In article <46bf72pi7v7n1a556q6l5e42noophapnj4@4ax.com>,
Liz <ehuth1@donotspam.com> wrote:
On Fri, 26 May 2006 16:16:53 -0700, johac <jhachmann@sbcglobal.com> in
news message <jhachmann-9D4A89.16165326052006@news.giganews.com>
wrote:
[----]
This gene - called Sonic hedgehog -
I must know. Why did they call it Sonic hedgehog?
Geneticists have strange ideas when it comes to naming genes:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonic_hedgehog
Thanks. It makes sense in a weird way. One sentence in the article
caught my eye, and perversely, I laughed.
"Some clinicians and scientists criticise giving genes frivolous or
quirky
names, calling it inappropriate that patients with "a serious illness or
disability are told that they or their child have a mutation in a gene
such as Sonic hedgehog." [5]"
How 'bout that tiggywinkle hedgehog gene?
Maybe they'll find a tinky winky gene. I wonder what old Jerry Foolwell
would have to say about that.
Hopefully his blood pump would explode.
And the obituaries blame his death on a mutation defect in his tinky
winky gene.
OK, I should have seen this one coming, but I didn't and nearly spewed coffee
all over the keyboard. Thanks, my nose will probably feel better in a few
days.
--
Harry F. Leopold
aa #2076
AA/Vet #4
The Prints of Darkness
(remove gene to email)
³People like me, who cannot think for themselves, are a dime a dozen.³ -
Pastor Dave
.
|
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| User: "johac" |
|
| Title: Re: How ancient whales lost their legs |
31 May 2006 12:48:51 AM |
|
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In article <0001HW.C0A1FB8100090AE7F0305530@news.central.cox.net>,
Harry F. Leopold <hleopold@coxyx.net> wrote:
On Mon, 29 May 2006 23:33:47 -0500, johac wrote
(in article <jhachmann-4D9722.21334729052006@news.giganews.com>):
In article <j6um7258lt2dqiin249t45rf7fr52epe1t@4ax.com>,
stoney <stoney@the.net> wrote:
On Sat, 27 May 2006 22:56:01 -0700, johac <jhachmann@sbcglobal.com>
wrote in alt.atheism
In article <leCdnVxQK5KAbuXZnZ2dneKdnZydnZ2d@megapath.net>,
"Mark K. Bilbo" <alt-atheism@org.webmaster> wrote:
Previously, on alt.atheism, Liz in episode
<28ig72dg7ittu3kdfvqvcb7jsd32ksnu76@4ax.com>...
On Fri, 26 May 2006 23:18:58 -0700, johac <jhachmann@sbcglobal.com> in
news message <jhachmann-542FBB.23185826052006@news.giganews.com> wrote:
In article <46bf72pi7v7n1a556q6l5e42noophapnj4@4ax.com>,
Liz <ehuth1@donotspam.com> wrote:
On Fri, 26 May 2006 16:16:53 -0700, johac <jhachmann@sbcglobal.com> in
news message <jhachmann-9D4A89.16165326052006@news.giganews.com>
wrote:
[----]
This gene - called Sonic hedgehog -
I must know. Why did they call it Sonic hedgehog?
Geneticists have strange ideas when it comes to naming genes:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonic_hedgehog
Thanks. It makes sense in a weird way. One sentence in the article
caught my eye, and perversely, I laughed.
"Some clinicians and scientists criticise giving genes frivolous or
quirky
names, calling it inappropriate that patients with "a serious illness or
disability are told that they or their child have a mutation in a gene
such as Sonic hedgehog." [5]"
How 'bout that tiggywinkle hedgehog gene?
Maybe they'll find a tinky winky gene. I wonder what old Jerry Foolwell
would have to say about that.
Hopefully his blood pump would explode.
And the obituaries blame his death on a mutation defect in his tinky
winky gene.
OK, I should have seen this one coming, but I didn't and nearly spewed coffee
all over the keyboard. Thanks, my nose will probably feel better in a few
days.
Sorry about that! :-)
--
John Hachmann aa #1782
"Those who can make you believe absurdities can make you commit atrocities"
-Voltaire
Contact - Throw a .net over the .com
.
|
|
|
|
| User: "stoney" |
|
| Title: Re: How ancient whales lost their legs |
31 May 2006 11:39:28 AM |
|
|
On Tue, 30 May 2006 13:39:13 -0500, Harry F. Leopold
<hleopold@coxyx.net> wrote in alt.atheism
On Mon, 29 May 2006 23:33:47 -0500, johac wrote
(in article <jhachmann-4D9722.21334729052006@news.giganews.com>):
In article <j6um7258lt2dqiin249t45rf7fr52epe1t@4ax.com>,
stoney <stoney@the.net> wrote:
On Sat, 27 May 2006 22:56:01 -0700, johac <jhachmann@sbcglobal.com>
wrote in alt.atheism
[]
How 'bout that tiggywinkle hedgehog gene?
Maybe they'll find a tinky winky gene. I wonder what old Jerry Foolwell
would have to say about that.
Hopefully his blood pump would explode.
And the obituaries blame his death on a mutation defect in his tinky
winky gene.
OK, I should have seen this one coming, but I didn't and nearly spewed coffee
all over the keyboard. Thanks, my nose will probably feel better in a few
days.
Harry. Tsk. You should know better. :)
--
Fundies and trolls are cordially invited to
shove a wooden cross up their arses and rotate
at a high rate of speed. I trust you'll
be 'blessed' with a plethora of splinters.
.
|
|
|
| User: "Harry F. Leopold" |
|
| Title: Re: How ancient whales lost their legs |
31 May 2006 02:16:36 PM |
|
|
On Wed, 31 May 2006 11:39:28 -0500, stoney wrote
(in article <kkhr72dn6qp3tngt5tkbesioij69ct1onk@4ax.com>):
On Tue, 30 May 2006 13:39:13 -0500, Harry F. Leopold
<hleopold@coxyx.net> wrote in alt.atheism
On Mon, 29 May 2006 23:33:47 -0500, johac wrote
(in article <jhachmann-4D9722.21334729052006@news.giganews.com>):
In article <j6um7258lt2dqiin249t45rf7fr52epe1t@4ax.com>,
stoney <stoney@the.net> wrote:
On Sat, 27 May 2006 22:56:01 -0700, johac <jhachmann@sbcglobal.com>
wrote in alt.atheism
[]
How 'bout that tiggywinkle hedgehog gene?
Maybe they'll find a tinky winky gene. I wonder what old Jerry Foolwell
would have to say about that.
Hopefully his blood pump would explode.
And the obituaries blame his death on a mutation defect in his tinky
winky gene.
OK, I should have seen this one coming, but I didn't and nearly spewed
coffee
all over the keyboard. Thanks, my nose will probably feel better in a few
days.
Harry. Tsk. You should know better. :)
Of course I should have known better, but I was on my first cup of coffee and
had just taken a sip. I was set up, I tells ya.
--
Harry F. Leopold
aa #2076
AA/Vet #4
The Prints of Darkness
(remove gene to email)
³It's all very simple : you believe in a god, I don't. Theists first invented
the concept of god or gods, and the sceptical people said : "Huh?". It's been
downhill from there. ;-)³ - Olrik
.
|
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| User: "stoney" |
|
| Title: Re: How ancient whales lost their legs |
02 Jun 2006 10:46:07 AM |
|
|
On Wed, 31 May 2006 14:16:36 -0500, Harry F. Leopold
<hleopold@coxyx.net> wrote in alt.atheism
On Wed, 31 May 2006 11:39:28 -0500, stoney wrote
(in article <kkhr72dn6qp3tngt5tkbesioij69ct1onk@4ax.com>):
On Tue, 30 May 2006 13:39:13 -0500, Harry F. Leopold
<hleopold@coxyx.net> wrote in alt.atheism
On Mon, 29 May 2006 23:33:47 -0500, johac wrote
(in article <jhachmann-4D9722.21334729052006@news.giganews.com>):
In article <j6um7258lt2dqiin249t45rf7fr52epe1t@4ax.com>,
stoney <stoney@the.net> wrote:
On Sat, 27 May 2006 22:56:01 -0700, johac <jhachmann@sbcglobal.com>
wrote in alt.atheism
[]
How 'bout that tiggywinkle hedgehog gene?
Maybe they'll find a tinky winky gene. I wonder what old Jerry Foolwell
would have to say about that.
Hopefully his blood pump would explode.
And the obituaries blame his death on a mutation defect in his tinky
winky gene.
OK, I should have seen this one coming, but I didn't and nearly spewed
coffee
all over the keyboard. Thanks, my nose will probably feel better in a few
days.
Harry. Tsk. You should know better. :)
Of course I should have known better, but I was on my first cup of coffee and
had just taken a sip. I was set up, I tells ya.
You were still sleeping. That's different.
--
Fundies and trolls are cordially invited to
shove a wooden cross up their arses and rotate
at a high rate of speed. I trust you'll
be 'blessed' with a plethora of splinters.
.
|
|
|
|
|
|
| User: "Mark K. Bilbo" |
|
| Title: Re: How ancient whales lost their legs |
30 May 2006 05:55:42 PM |
|
|
Previously, on alt.atheism, Harry F. Leopold in episode
<0001HW.C0A1FB8100090AE7F0305530@news.central.cox.net>...
On Mon, 29 May 2006 23:33:47 -0500, johac wrote (in article
<jhachmann-4D9722.21334729052006@news.giganews.com>):
In article <j6um7258lt2dqiin249t45rf7fr52epe1t@4ax.com>,
stoney <stoney@the.net> wrote:
On Sat, 27 May 2006 22:56:01 -0700, johac <jhachmann@sbcglobal.com>
wrote in alt.atheism
In article <leCdnVxQK5KAbuXZnZ2dneKdnZydnZ2d@megapath.net>, "Mark K.
Bilbo" <alt-atheism@org.webmaster> wrote:
Previously, on alt.atheism, Liz in episode
<28ig72dg7ittu3kdfvqvcb7jsd32ksnu76@4ax.com>...
On Fri, 26 May 2006 23:18:58 -0700, johac <jhachmann@sbcglobal.com>
in news message <jhachmann-542FBB.23185826052006@news.giganews.com>
wrote:
In article <46bf72pi7v7n1a556q6l5e42noophapnj4@4ax.com>, Liz
<ehuth1@donotspam.com> wrote:
On Fri, 26 May 2006 16:16:53 -0700, johac
<jhachmann@sbcglobal.com> in news message
<jhachmann-9D4A89.16165326052006@news.giganews.com> wrote:
[----]
This gene - called Sonic hedgehog -
I must know. Why did they call it Sonic hedgehog?
Geneticists have strange ideas when it comes to naming genes:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonic_hedgehog
Thanks. It makes sense in a weird way. One sentence in the article
caught my eye, and perversely, I laughed.
"Some clinicians and scientists criticise giving genes frivolous or
quirky
names, calling it inappropriate that patients with "a serious
illness or disability are told that they or their child have a
mutation in a gene such as Sonic hedgehog." [5]"
How 'bout that tiggywinkle hedgehog gene?
Maybe they'll find a tinky winky gene. I wonder what old Jerry
Foolwell would have to say about that.
Hopefully his blood pump would explode.
And the obituaries blame his death on a mutation defect in his tinky
winky gene.
OK, I should have seen this one coming, but I didn't and nearly spewed
coffee all over the keyboard. Thanks, my nose will probably feel better in
a few days.
ER nurse:
"You burned the inside???"
--
Mark K. Bilbo
--------------------------------------------------
"As hip as it is for outsiders to blame New Orleans
for everything bad that happened during and after
Hurricane Katrina, the truth is that the people
who lived here were much more prepared for a big
storm than the federal government that promised
us flood protection." [Jarvis DeBerry]
http://makeashorterlink.com/?V180525DC
"Everything New Orleans"
http://www.nola.com
.
|
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| User: "Harry F. Leopold" |
|
| Title: Re: How ancient whales lost their legs |
30 May 2006 08:35:15 PM |
|
|
On Tue, 30 May 2006 17:55:42 -0500, Mark K. Bilbo wrote
(in article <eqOdnWGS3JfzUOHZnZ2dnUVZ_tmdnZ2d@megapath.net>):
Previously, on alt.atheism, Harry F. Leopold in episode
<0001HW.C0A1FB8100090AE7F0305530@news.central.cox.net>...
On Mon, 29 May 2006 23:33:47 -0500, johac wrote (in article
<jhachmann-4D9722.21334729052006@news.giganews.com>):
In article <j6um7258lt2dqiin249t45rf7fr52epe1t@4ax.com>,
stoney <stoney@the.net> wrote:
On Sat, 27 May 2006 22:56:01 -0700, johac <jhachmann@sbcglobal.com>
wrote in alt.atheism
In article <leCdnVxQK5KAbuXZnZ2dneKdnZydnZ2d@megapath.net>, "Mark K.
Bilbo" <alt-atheism@org.webmaster> wrote:
Previously, on alt.atheism, Liz in episode
<28ig72dg7ittu3kdfvqvcb7jsd32ksnu76@4ax.com>...
On Fri, 26 May 2006 23:18:58 -0700, johac <jhachmann@sbcglobal.com>
in news message <jhachmann-542FBB.23185826052006@news.giganews.com>
wrote:
In article <46bf72pi7v7n1a556q6l5e42noophapnj4@4ax.com>, Liz
<ehuth1@donotspam.com> wrote:
On Fri, 26 May 2006 16:16:53 -0700, johac
<jhachmann@sbcglobal.com> in news message
<jhachmann-9D4A89.16165326052006@news.giganews.com> wrote:
[----]
This gene - called Sonic hedgehog -
I must know. Why did they call it Sonic hedgehog?
Geneticists have strange ideas when it comes to naming genes:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonic_hedgehog
Thanks. It makes sense in a weird way. One sentence in the article
caught my eye, and perversely, I laughed.
"Some clinicians and scientists criticise giving genes frivolous or
quirky
names, calling it inappropriate that patients with "a serious
illness or disability are told that they or their child have a
mutation in a gene such as Sonic hedgehog." [5]"
How 'bout that tiggywinkle hedgehog gene?
Maybe they'll find a tinky winky gene. I wonder what old Jerry
Foolwell would have to say about that.
Hopefully his blood pump would explode.
And the obituaries blame his death on a mutation defect in his tinky
winky gene.
OK, I should have seen this one coming, but I didn't and nearly spewed
coffee all over the keyboard. Thanks, my nose will probably feel better in
a few days.
ER nurse:
"You burned the inside???"
"Yeth, durth, I bunned the insid ob by dos."
--
Harry F. Leopold
aa #2076
AA/Vet #4
The Prints of Darkness
(remove gene to email)
"The space time you are trying to reach has been disconnected..." Stony
.
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