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Germany/mussolini.htm

THE DOCTRINE OF FASCISM (COMPLETE TEXT)

BENITO MUSSOLINI (1932)


(This article, co-written by Giovanni Gentile is
considered the most complete articulation of
Mussolini's political views. This is the only
complete official translation we know of on the
web, copied directly from an official Fascist
government publication of 1935, Fascism Doctrine
and Institutions, by Benito Mussolini, Ardita
Publishers, Rome, pages 7-42. This translation
includes all the footnotes from the original.)

...


The Fascist State organizes the nation, but it
leaves the individual adequate elbow room. It has
curtailed useless or harmful liberties while
preserving those which are essential. In such
matters the individual cannot be the judge, but
the State only.

The Fascist State is not indifferent to religious
phenomena in general nor does it maintain an
attitude of indifference to Roman Catholicism, the
special, positive religion of Italians. The State
has not got a theology but it has a moral code.
The Fascist State sees in religion one of the
deepest of spiritual manifestations and for this
reason it not only respects religion but defends
and protects it. The Fascist State does not
attempt, as did Robespierre at the height of the
revolutionary delirium of the Convention, to set
up a "god? of its own; nor does it vainly seek, as
does Bolshevism, to efface God from the soul of
man. Fascism respects the God of ascetics, saints,
and heroes, and it also respects God as conceived
by the ingenuous and primitive heart of the
people, the God to whom their prayers are raised.

.....


(12) Let no one think of denying the moral
character of Fascism. For I should be ashamed to
speak from this tribune if I did not feel that I
represent the moral and spiritual powers of the
state. What would the state be if it did not
possess a spirit of its own, and a morality of its
own, which lend power to the laws in virtue of
which the state is obeyed by its citizens?

The Fascist state claims its ethical character:
it is Catholic but above all it is Fascist, in
fact it is exclusively and essentially Fascist.
Catholicism completes Fascism, and this we openly
declare, but let no one think they can turn the
tables on us, under cover of metaphysics or
philosophy. (To the Chamber of Deputies, May 13,
1929, in Discorsi del 1929, Milano, Alpes, 1930,
p. 182).

.....


In order to understand the Fascist movement one
must first appreciate the underlying spiritual
phenomenon in all its vastness and depth. The
manifestations of the movement have been of a
powerful and decisive nature, but one should go
further. In point of fact Italian Fascism has not
only been a political revolt against weak and
incapable governments who had allowed State
authority to decay and were threatening to arrest
the progress of the country, but also a spiritual
revolt against old ideas which had corrupted the
sacred principles of religion, of faith, of
country. Fascism, therefore, has been a revolt of
the people. (Message to the British people;
January 5, 1924, in Messaggi e Proclami, Milano,
Libreria d' Italia, 1929, p. 107).

--
"There is a word in Newspeak," said Syme. "I don't
know whether you know it: duckspeak, to quack like
a duck. It is one of those interesting words that
have two contradictory meanings. Applied to an
opponent, it is abuse; applied to someone you agree
with, it is praise."
-George Orwell "Nineteen Eighty-Four"


Cheerful Charlie