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Religions > Bible |
| User: |
"jaysnet.com" |
| Date: |
02 Apr 2005 10:33:45 AM |
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FROM THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS TO THE NEW WORLD ORDER |
JaysNet.com Online News & Research
Jay James CEO/Editor
PO Box 75609
Oklahoma City,OK 73147
www.jaysnet.com
JayNet purpose is the reporting of recent news and current world
events that will affect your life and your children's future.
JaysNet goal is keeping you informed in the various fields of human
endeavor and technology.When the American public pays
little or no attention to political affairs, they will pay the
ultimate price. This is our purpose and our goal. To keep you
informed.
666
Many people probably wonder what 666 is and it's symbolic meaning..
The number is derived from six hundred
threescore and six mentioned in the Book of Revelation 13;18. It's
interpretation varies but 666 is the count
number or it's symbolic identity for The Mark of The Beast. It is the
number of a man Rev 13;18 Some researchers have
speculated about the number 616.
One form of this numerology is gathered from various methods of
mathematical calculation. The Gematria is one form of
numeric tabulation where the letter A=1 through letter I=9 where as
beginning with the letter J=10, K=20,L=30 and so forth.
This form of calculation has been applied to many individuals in the
past and the present and it's purely non proven.,
but interesting. In the past, individuals associated with numerical
names that totaled 666, using The Gematria calculation formula
as well as other forms included such historical figures as Nero
Caesar, Adolf Hitler, Henry Kissinger, Prince Charles, Bill
Gates, and former US President William Jefferson Clinton.
Any method of calculation of determining the identity of this
AntiChrist System would be inconclusive. The Bible's mention
of this symbolic number 666 is one of numerous clues to identify The
Mark of The Beast. It would be safe just to know it's
origin and meaning. Too speculate on the subject, that is,. to start
finding numeric values for present day individuals or global
entities that total 666 would be futile and dangerous. The Book of
Revelation already tells us the character of this
666 and what we should look for.
The value of 666 could also mean a Man's System instead of being the
count identify of a human individual. One example is
that Time Magazine elected the computer( A Machine ) once for their
Man~Person of the Year in January 1983. Another
example which is interesting concerning this theory is the number
total for COMPUTER also adds up to 666.
The last possible explanation may be found in The New Testament's Book
of John I & John II. The word
AntiChrist appears only four times in the Bible, and they are in Two
Books of John. John I 1;19 1;22 4;3 & John II 4;3
The possible symbolic meaning of the Antichrist is explained as anyone
who denies The Father, The Son, The Holy Ghost.
Thus all humans whom deny this trinity are defined as forms of the
AntiChrist themselves.
---------------------------------------------------ARTICLE BEGINS HERE
FROM THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS, TO THE UNITED NATIONS, TO THE NEW WORLD
ORDER THE YEARS 2007 2012 2025
2005 APRIL 01: These Years 2007, 2012, and 2025 are not the end of
world, they are not prophetic visions of the near
future in which the world will be destroyed by mankind, a global
asteroid impact, or by some alien flying saucer attack from the
planet Krypton. What these years represent in my studies and research
of global history is the near-future world in which
technology and information will be the global ruling factor. The three
years that are listed, I feel, will be a crucial time in the
destruction or continuation of the human race in the areas of global
freedom and ecology. I feel by 2015 we will have a one
world government, a global economic currency in the form of computer
credits, and that all humans will be indexed and
cataloged into a global computer data base. I myself still have loads
of batteries and 25 gallons of distilled water from the year
2000 in which nuclear weapons would go off, the computer systems of
the world would melt, and numerous religious groups
and cults predicted the second coming of Jesus.
Well, the world didn't end, the computers didn't crash, and Jesus
didn't come. I have listed these years according to patterns in
technology and world events, from the past to the present: Numerous
scientists have warned us of global warming. Some
scientists have estimated that the fresh water supply of the world
will expire by 2025, and the melting of the polar ice cap due
to global warming, will raise the earth's sea levels, in which any
coastal land area will be under water. The threat of nuclear
weapons being used in a war, or a attack by a government, a terrorist
group, or simply by accident due to computer errors and
glitches will trigger a atomic launch of nuclear weapons. My hope is
if it does, I myself would be in the area of this nuclear
explosion in which I would be killed in a nano-second. The thought of
living in a world after a atomic holocaust, followed by
nuclear winter, is a horrific scenario I would not want to live in. A
ecological disaster such a asteroid hitting the planet is quite
plausible, as the asteroid which hit the Yucatan Peninsula 65 million
year ago and was attributed to the extension of the
dinosaurs is another probability. The human race has always had the
capacity to kill and slaughter the people of other nations or
ethnic origins. From Cain and Able to The World Wars of the twentieth
century.
The ecological and climate changes over the last 120 years show a
disturbing trend. The increased intensity of hurricanes,
tornadoes, and earthquakes are on the rise and THE BIG ONE is possibly
only years away. THE BIG ONE is the metaphor
many seismic researchers use for a catastrophic earthquake with a
magnitude of 10 on the Richter scale. The population of the
earth will increase to a point that our planet's resources will be
depleted and unable to sustain human or animal life. The human
race will be governed by some world organization whose leader(s) will
enforce their doctrine, their beliefs, politics, and
religion.. The people of the earth will be marked, monitored, and
under visual and audible surveillance 24 hours a day. To
illustrate the future, one must understand the past.
World Wars 1914 Through 1991
Nations in World War I
Germany, France, Great Britain, Russia, Austria-Hungary, China,
Africa, Japan,United States,Belgium
Nations in World War II
Albania, Argentina, Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania, Germany, Japan,
Australia.,Italy, Finland, Hungary, Thailand, Austria,
Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Netherlands, Poland, France, Chile, China,
Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Czechoslovakia,
Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Ethiopia,
Greece, Guatemala, New Zealand, Nicaragua,
Haiti, Honduras, Iceland, India, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, Liberia,
Luxembourg, Manchukuo, Mexico, Norway, Panama,
Paraguay, Peru, Portugal, San Marino, Saudi Arabia, Slovakia, South
Africa, Spain, Sweden, Syria, Turkey,
United States, Uruguay, Venezuela, Yugoslavia
Nations in World War III
Afghanistan, Argentina, Australia, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Belgium,
Canada, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Egypt, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Honduras, Italy, Kuwait, Morocco, The
Netherlands, New Zealand, Niger, Norway, Oman,
Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, South Korea,
Spain, Syria Turkey, The United Arab Emirates, The
United Kingdom, and the United States.
While the death of Adolph Hitler may have been a icon to the end of
World World II, it was the birth of technology and the
advancement in science and political ideology which has focused on
global destruction and the birth of a future world
government which will rule the human race by surveillance and terror.
The beginning and the end of World War War I & II was
the birth of the numerous atrocities. The Annihilation of millions of
people was achieved in those Wars.. Estimates of 80 to 120
million people died due to both War Worlds from 1914 to 1945.
The development and the first detonation of atomic weapons in 1945
were the results aimed to end Hitler's Third Reich. Those
atomic weapons are mere fire-crackers compared to the present day
thermonuclear ICBMs which have over 300 times the
destructive power of those dropped over Hiroshima & Nagasaki Japan,
where over 90,000 Japanese citizens were killed
instantly in the August 1945 atomic blasts, as well as 100,000
casualties. Other weapons of future destruction can be
attributed to the Soviet Union & the United States who captured the
Nazi Germany scientist's research on chemical and
biological weapons, such as the nerve agent saran. Both eastern and
western powers immediately employed former Nazi
officers and scientist for the purpose of research and espionage. The
birth of the rocket age was credited to the german scientist
Wernher von Braun. After the defeat of Nazi Germany, von Braun was
employed by the US Military for further rocket
research. Why many dismiss the importance of this event, von Braun's
research was the building blocks for NASA and the
current Global Position Satellites which orbit our planet for
surveillance, monitoring, and communications. As of 2004, The
Department of Defense had 24 of these orbiting satellites for the
purpose of military and global surveillance analysis.
The birth of a future world government began when Japan and Germany
removed their countries from the League of Nations in
the 1930s. The League had social successes in the 1920's but it was a
failure in the 1930's. Economic depression harmed the
League of Nations. Economic recovery had reduced international tension
so countries were less likely to fight. The crash of
Wall Street brought on the great depression in America. Global
economic problems heightened the tension of the earth.. Britain
and The United States suffered from high unemployment and economic
decay. The world's nations, not just the USA & the
UK, were unable to sort out other countries problems as they had
economic chaos at home. German unemployment and
poverty levels were more sever than other countries in the 1920's
through 1935. The german population were in desperate
need of a leader who could pull the german's population out of
poverty. It was the ideal moment in time for a dictator like
Adolph Hitler to seize power. In 1941 U.S. President Franklin D.
Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill sign
the Atlantic Charter, a document outlining the Allied war aims. The
Origin of the "United Nations" was born.. Below are
historical events which are listed in increments of time, leading up
to the 21st Century.
World War I
1914
Known as the Great War, conflict, chiefly in Europe, among most of the
great Western powers. It was the largest war the
world had yet seen. World War I was immediately precipitated by the
assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand of
Austria-Hungary by a Serbian nationalist in 1914. There were, however,
many factors that had led toward war. Prominent
causes were the imperialistic, territorial, and economic rivalries
that had been intensifying from the late 19th cent., particularly
among Germany, France, Great Britain, Russia, and Austria-Hungary.
Imperialist rivalry had grown more intense with the "new imperialism"
of the late 19th and early 20th cent. The great powers
had come into conflict over spheres of influence in China and over
territories in Africa, and the Eastern Question, created by the
decline of the Ottoman Empire, had produced several disturbing
controversies. Particularly unsettling was the policy of
Germany. It embarked late but aggressively on colonial expansion under
Emperor William II, came into conflict with France
over Morocco, and seemed to threaten Great Britain by its rapid naval
expansion.
1915
Stalemate continues on the Western Front. The Lusitania passenger
liner is sunk, with 1,200 lives lost. London attacked from
the air by German Zeppelins. Except for the conquest of most of
Germany's overseas colonies by the British and Japanese, the
year 1916 opened with a dark outlook for the Allies. The stalemate on
the Western Front had not been affected in 1915 by the
second battle of Ypres, in which the Germans used poison gas for the
first time on the Western Front, nor by the French
offensive in Artois–in which a slight advance of the French under
Henri Pétain was paid for with heavy losses–nor by the
offensive of Marshal Joffre in Champagne, nor by the British advance
toward Lens and Loos.
In Feb., 1916, the Germans tried to break the deadlock by mounting a
massive assault on Verdun (see Verdun, battle of). The
French, rallying with the cry, "They shall not pass!" held fast
despite enormous losses, and in July the British and French took
the offensive along the Somme River where tanks were used for the
first time by the British. By November they had gained a
few thousand yards and lost thousands of men. By December, a French
counteroffensive at Verdun had restored the
approximate positions of Jan., 1916. Despite signs of exhaustion on
both sides, the war went on.
1916
A million casualties in ten months: Germany aims to 'bleed France
white'. At sea the Battle of Jutland takes place. Armed
uprisings in Dublin: the Irish Republic is proclaimed. The neutrality
of the United States had been seriously imperiled after the
sinking of the Lusitania (1915). At the end of 1916, Germany, whose
surface fleet had been bottled up since the indecisive
battle of Jutland, announced that it would begin unrestricted
submarine warfare in an effort to break British control of the seas.
In protest the United States broke off relations with Germany and
entered the war. American participation meant that the Allies
now had at their command almost unlimited industrial and manpower
resources, which were to be decisive in winning the war.
1917
German Army retreats to the Hindenburg Line. United States joins the
war and assists the Allies. Tank, submarine and gas
warfare intensifies. Royal family change their surname to Windsor to
appear more British. A unified Allied command in the
West was created in Apr., 1918. It was headed by Marshal Foch, but
under him the national commanders (Sir Douglas Haig
for Britain, King Albert I for Belgium, and General Pershing for the
United States) retained considerable authority. The Central
Powers, however, had gained new strength through the Treaty of
Brest-Litovsk (Mar., 1918) with Russia. The resources of
Ukraine seemed at their disposal, enabling them to balance to some
extent the effects of the Allied blockade; most important,
their forces could now be concentrated on the Western Front.
1918
Germany launches major offensive on the Western Front. Allies launch
successful counter-offensives at the Marne and Amiens.
Armistice signed on November 11, ending the war at 11am. World War I
and the resulting peace treaties (see Versailles,
Treaty of; Saint-Germain, Treaty of; Trianon, Treaty of; Neuilly,
Treaty of; Sèvres, Treaty of) radically changed the face of
Europe and precipitated political, social, and economic changes. By
the Treaty of Versailles Germany was forced to
acknowledge guilt for the war. World War I ended, the immense
suffering it had caused gave rise to a general revulsion to any
kind of war, and a large part of mankind placed its hopes in the newly
created League of Nations. This League of Nations as a
forum in which nations could settle their disputes. The league’s
powers were limited to persuasion and various levels of moral
and economic sanctions that the members were free to carry out as they
saw fit. To calculate the total losses caused by the war
is impossible. About 10 million dead and 20 million wounded is a
conservative estimate.
WORLD WAR II
1931
Japan's rapidly expanding industrial economy required vast imports of
raw materials as well as large markets for its finished
export goods. The most obvious source of imports and outlet for
exports was neighboring China, the world's most populous
country.
1932
The Nazi Party receives the largest share of the vote in German
elections, but they fail to gain a majority.Franklin D.Roosevelt
was elected President of the United States.
1933
President Hindenburg, under the sway of the ultra-conservatives,
appoints Hitler as Chancellor of Germany, and the Period of
National-Socialismn begins. Hitler speakes to the Commanders of the
"Reichswehr", his first speech; obtaining "Lebensraum im
Osten" and ruthless "Germanisierung" of the capture areas. Period of
Gleichschaltung (co-ordination under Nazi control) of
most aspects of German society. Official boycott of Jewish shops and
professional men. The Nazis open the first concentration
camp at Dachau, just outside Munich, Germany. The first prisoners
arrived in Oranienburg in march 1933. The SA and SS
intimidate the German population, lay hand on the country, German
becomes a authoritarian state. The Waffen-SS of the
1930's was originally Hitler's personal troops, under his direct
command for whatever purposes he wanted to use them for. It
was a very small organization at that time, and didn't expand
tremendously until 1943. Japan's removes it's country from the
League of Nations and moves against Manchuria.
'We shall go down in history as the greatest statesmen of all time, or
as
the greatest criminals.' The Last Known Words of Paul Josef Goebbels
Joseph Goebbels rewarded with the position of Reich Minister for
Public Enlightenment and Propaganda. He played a crucial
role in bringing Hitler to the centre of the political stage.Goebbels
became involved with the Nazis in the 1920s, directly allying
himself with Hitler in 1926. He built up the Nazi following in Berlin
between 1926-30. Goebbels was made responsible for the
Nazi party propaganda machine in 1929 and between 1933-45 he served as
Minister of Enlightenment and Propaganda. After
the defeat of German forces at Stalingrad he took on the role as Reich
Commissioner for Total Mobilisation. He committed
suicide on 1 May 1945 in Hitler's bunker.Germany removes it's country
from the League of Nations and its withdrawl from all
disarmament talks.Germany signs a ten-year treaty of non-aggression
with Poland.
1934
Beginning of Germans great economic war preparation, decided by the
"Reichsverteidigungsrat" in Germany.
Germany began to rearm and to create an air force. In 1935 it regained
the Saar and in March 1936, the army re-occupied the
demilitarised Rhineland. Two years later, Anschluss (union) with
Austria was achieved. Hitler was making ready for outright
war. The Night of the Long Knives, Hitler eliminates much of the
political and military opposition within Germany; more than
1.000 people are assassinated and others are removed from positions of
influence. Hitler purges the Nazi Party of all who
could oppose him. The SS murders over 1000 of Hitler's most dangerous
opponents within and outside of the Nazi Party.
German President von Hindenburg dies; Adolf Hitler declares himself
Führer as well as Chancellor of Germany and demands
the loyalty of the armed forces and civilians. The Nazi salute and
cries of 'Heil Hitler!', already compulsory between Party
members since 1926, now become the standard political idealogy in
German life. The Soviet Union joins the League of
Nations.
1935-36
Germany introduces compulsory military service and announces plans to
create 36 divisions. Germany presents the existence of
the Luftwaffe, infringe The Treaty of Versailles. Promulgation of the
Nuremberg Laws relegates Jews to a separate
second-class status in Germany, prohibits intermarriage and sexual
relations with Germans. German military re-occupation of
the Rhineland successfully challenges France's willingness to act in
defense of the Versailles settlement.
1937-39
The Soviet Communist Party purges the Soviet Army. Over 35.000 are
arrested and executed. Japan's plan for the extension is
along the coast of weak China, in no connection with the actions in
Europe. Japanese forces capture Nanking, real China.
"Kristallnacht" (Night of Broken Glass): Nazi authorities orchestrate
a nationwide program against Germany's Jewish
population. Nazi destroy the homes, shops and synagogues of Jews in
Germany following the murder of German diplomat Ernst
vom Rath, a diplomatic assistant, by Herschel Grynszpan a French Jew
in the German Embassy in Paris. Adolf Hitler set the
press the task, to prepare the german people for a very long war.
Limitation freedom of movement for Jews; forbidden driving
licence, visit theatre, concert and cinema for the Jews.
The Numerous Hitler Rallies In The Late 1930's
1940
Germany creates General Council for War Economy under Goering. Finland
signs a treaty with Russia (Moskow) giving up a
large amount of territory. Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini hold a
conference at Brenner Pass; Italy joins the war with
Germany. German troops invade Denmark and Norway. Himmler order to
built Concentration Camp Auschwitz, Rudolf Höss
becomes Commandant. German troops invade the Netherlands, Belgium and
Luxembourg.Holland and Belgium British Prime
Minister Neville Chamberlain resigns. Winston Churchill (65 years)
formed a National Government and became Prime Minister
of Great Britain (England). The German invasion of Belgium resulted in
an Anglo-French advance to a new defence line
intended to protect the Channel ports. The main German attack had not
come where it was expected but through the Ardennes
where the terrain was believed to be too difficult for an invading
force and was therefore only lightly defended. In a
devastatingly rapid advance, the Blitzkrieg, the Germans broke through
the French line and drove northwards towards the sea.
The Netherlands surrenders to Nazi Germany. The Fascist Government of
Italy declares war on England and France, Italian
troops invade France and bomb Malta for thefirst time. Malta is used
as a bomber base for raids against Italy and Lybia, the
aircraft used were Wellingtons.
Paul Reynaud resigns as Premier of France. From London Charles de
Gaulle, becomes "Leader of the Free France", talks for
the first time to the people of France; continue the War. Hitler and
Mussolini meet in Munchen. France allows Japan to
penetrate Japanese troops in North-Indo China.France (General
Huntziger) signs an armistice with Germany at Compiegne
(Rethondes), France.The Battle of Britain begins, maybe "Operation
Seelowe", invasion in England, the first great air-attack on
England on 10 July.Adolf Hitler broadcasts for peace to England, it is
immediately rejected.A US decision to limit its exports of
oil places an immediate and continuing problem with the Japanese who
have come to rely on foreign supplies. Their stocks
dwindle from this day and cause them to look to the Dutch East Indies
and Malaysia. "Adlerangriff": Göring orders the
Luftwaffe to destroy the RAF defence-system (fighters and radar)
within 4 days. The first large wave of German bombers
assault England. Hitler Begin the "Blitzkrieg" of London, attacks from
the air, marking the first air blitz of the city. More than
900 aircraft attack London. By this action the German effectively
'invade England from the air, but within another 10 days Hitler
will have cancelled his plans for Operation 'Sealion', the full-scale
invasion of England. Goering's Luftwaffe fails to bring Britain
to her knees.
U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs the Selective Service bill,
which begins America's first peace-time draft.
Germany, Italy, and Japan sign the Tripartite Pact in Berlin. Aim is
to discourage the United States for a more active
involvement in the war.German troops invade Romania to "defend" its
oil fields. Hitler postpones Operation 'Sealion' until the
spring of 1941. His priorities are now elsewhere and Goring has been
unable to achieve the vital air superiority. The operation
will never receive the go-ahead. Over 16.000.000 men register for the
draft in the United States.The battle of Britain ends. This
day marks the end of the continuous Luftwaffe raiding campaign.
British forces land on the Greek island of Crete, a strategically
important island, and began to mine the waters off Greece. Franklin
Delano Roosevelt elected for the third time as President.
Visit from Molotow to Berlin. Conference of Hitler and von Ribbentrop
about Sowjet Unions joining to the Pact of Three.
British aircraft attack Taranto Harbor, Italy. Hungary and some days
later Rumania declares its support for Germany and Italy.
Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini hold a conference at Berghof.
1941 The Nazi Extermination Camps Begin Full Operation.& The Final
Solution
Nazi extermination camps begin full operation. These include
Auschwitz, Bamberg, Bergen-Belsen, Buchenwald, Chelmno,
Jena, Sobibor and Treblinka. Over 2.600.000 Polish Jews are among
those killed during the course of the war. Over 12.000
people would be killed daily at Auschwitz alone. By 1945 nearly 6
million Jews and more than 3 million Communists, gypsies,
socialists and other dissidents will be exterminated. Concentration
camps fell into varous categories. There were death or
extermination camps, where the inmates were slaughtered on arrival or
soon afterwards. There were labour camps, where they
were fed the minimum and worked to death; and experimental camps where
'scientific' and 'medical' experiments were carried
out on the hapless prisoners. There were sick camps for those who were
to die when the guards decided and not before, and
training camps where the SS passed on the techniques of brutality and
mass murder. There were even recuperation camps,
where Jews were kept in case they were needed as hostages or for
exchange or sale. The Lend-Lease Act becomes law.
Three months after the invasion, the United States extended assistance
to the Soviet Union through this Lend-Lease Act.
Germany invades Yugoslavia (till 17 April) and Greece (till 30 April).
German forces capture Athens, Greece.The British force
in Iraq comes under attack by Iraqis. Joseph Stalin becomes the
Premier of the Soviet Union. Great Britain takes control of
Iraq and are reinforced by the arrival of 21st Indian Division at
Basra. German bombers assault London in what tums out to be
the final heavy mission of the Battle of Britain. More than 500
aircraft drop highexplosive and incendiary bombs which result in
many fires and cause more than 3,000 casualties induding many dead.
Some 27 German aircraft are lost. In the preceding ten
months approximately 50.000 metric tons of bombs have been dropped on
the UK, but the Battle of Britain has heen lost, and
with it has gone Germany's chance of winning the war. Partly because
of their lack of long-range fighters and heavy bombers,
but also because of the eventual mastery of the RAF fighter squadrons
and their tactics, the Germans will regard this as first
significant turningpoint in World War Two. Walter Schellenberg of the
RSHA tells the German military commander in France
that further Jewish emigration should be prevented in view of
transportation problems and the fact that a "Final Solution
[Endloesung] of the Jewish question" is foreseeable.
The German battleship Bismarck sunk the British Royal Navy battle
cruiser HMS Hood. U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt
order all German assets frozen. The Department of States also closes
all German consul and propaganda offices in the United
States. Hitler convinces Mussolini to allow Rommel to invade Egypt and
set aside the invasion of Malta, named "Operation
Hercules". Mussolini accepts the proposal after heavy consideration.
Malta was a strategic point for British convoys which
supplied Commonwealth forces in Africa. The invasion of Malta would
take form in the landing of three Italian parachute
battalions and one German parachute division and bombarded by both
Italian and German aircraft. After the capture of Malta,
Rommel would drive the Axis forces into Egypt.Germany declares war on
and begins the invasion of the Soviet Union. The
Eastern Front quickly becomes 2,000-miles wide. Italy (60,000 men to
Ukraine), Finland, and Romania also joined the
German battle against the Soviet Union and declare war.At a meeting in
Berlin, Himmler reveals the plan for the Final Solution
to his subordinate, Höss, and puts him in charge of developing a
large-scale killing center at Auschwitz. The Japanese occupy
French Indo-China with the consent of the Vichy French Government.
U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt orders all
Japanese assets frozen. He also orders the suspension of all trade
with Japan and lay an embargo on oil, give rise to the attack
on Pearl Harbor. Göring's orders Heydrich to "evacuate" all European
jews; The formal order for the planning of a coordinated
Final Solution of the Jewish problem throughout Nazi-occupied Europe,
already drafted by Eichmann, is signed by
Goering.Eichman joined the Nazi Party in 1932 and served as a guard in
the Dachau concentration camp for two years. With
the union of Germany and Austria in 1938 and the occupation of
Czechoslovakia in 1939, Eichmann was in charge of Jewish
emigration. In 1941 he became head of the Gestapo Department and was
responsible for 'the final solution'. He was interned
by US troops in 1945 pending trial as a war criminal, but escaped to
South America. Israeli agents located him in Argentina in
the 1960s and he was tried in Jerusalem and hanged in May 1962.
Nazi Programs of Manipulation Extended to the Children of Germany,
Known as The Hitler Youth
USA puts complete oil embargo on Japan.The American agreed the
Lend-Lease plan to the Soviet Union. American and
British governments warn Japan not to invade Siam (Thailand). U.S.
President Franklin D. Roosevelt and British Prime Minister
Winston Churchill meet at Placentia Bay, off the coast of
Newfoundland, and sign the Atlantic Charter, a document outlining the
Allied war aims.The Origin of the "United Nations" come into. British
and Soviet troops invade Persia (Iran), to save the
oilfields of Abadan and the important railways and ways to Russia for
the supply of war material for Russia. The efficacy of
Zyklon B (prussic acid) is tested on 600 Russian POWs and 298 sick
prisoners at Auschwitz. General deportation of German
Jews begins.The first British raid on Berlin, 1700 km. In the early
years of the war, bombing Germany was the only means of
striking directly at the enemy's homeland and war production. Plans
for a major bombing offensive, known as the strategic air
offensive, were ambitious, but limited by technical difficulties in
the early stages. German forces encircle Leningrad, the Soviet
Union and take the 90-day offensive against the city. U.S. President
Franklin D. Roosevelt declares a shoot-on-sight order
against all German and Italian shipping. Riza Khan is forced to
abdicate the Persian throne. British and Soviet forces jointly
occupy the country. Japanese Commander order for preperation of
actions in the Pacific. German forces capture Kiev, after six
weeks of fighting, the capital of the Soviet Ukraine. German High
Command releases 650.000 russian soldiers prisoners of war
have been taken, 884 tanks and 3.718 guns. Soviet loss of life reached
half a million, Germany lost 100.000 men.
Conference at Moskow; Stalin, Harriman (United States) and Beaverbrook
(United Kingdom).
The United States extended assistance to the Soviet Union through its
Lend-Lease Act of March 1941. German forces are
within 60 miles of Moscow.The Soviets set-up a temporary capital at
Kuibyshev. Begin of systematic deportation of jews to
Polen and East-Europe. A German U-boat, U-552 (Type VIIC, the "Red
Devil" boat) commanded by Erich Topp, accidently
sank the first WW II U.S. warship to be lost in war, the Navy
destroyer Reuben James. Over 100 U.S. sailors were killed.
Japanese aircraft launch a surprise attack on American naval forces at
Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. The Imperial Government of
Japan declares war to Britain, Canada, Australia and the United
States. Losses United States: 8 American battleships, 3
Cruisers and 3 Destroyers destroyed; 2344 killed, 876 wounded, 966
missing. The United States declares war on Japan, US
finds itself at war with both Japan and Germany. British Prime
Minister Winston Churchill informs the British parliament that
Britain is at war with Japan. Gassing of Jews begins at Chelmno
(Kulmhof). Other death camps come "on line" later: Belzec
(March 1942); Sobibor (April-May 1942); Treblinka (July 1942).
Japanese troops invade The Philippines and Malaya, attack
Hongkong, bomb Guam.Germany and Italy declare war on the United States
and sign new military alliance with Japan.
Bulgaria, Hungary and Romania declare war on the United States. Hitler
take up Supreme Command of the Wehrmacht, Von
Brauchitsch retire. Japanese troops land in the Philippines near Luzon
with about 7.000 men. British forces surrender Hong
Kong to the Japanese.
1942 The Declaration of the United Nations.
Twenty-six nations sign the Declaration of the United Nations.
Japanese troops enter Manila, The Philippines, the Americans
withdraw to the peninsula of Bataan. "Der Wannsee Conference" is held
in Berlin, subject was to coordinate the Final Solution;
Reinhard Heydrich, subordinate of Himmler and head of the RSHA
(Reichssicherheitshauptamt) presides. Eichmann takes
official notes at the meeting which survive as evidence, present were
too Schöngarth and Freisler. First Jews (Slowakia) arrives
at Auschwitz, Birkenau for gassing. The Doolittle raid, starting from
Carrier "Hornet" with North American B-25B Mitchells, on
Tokyo and Yokohama, Japan. Persecution of Jews: Order to wear the
"Star of David" to all Jews in Europe. End of the
American armed resistance (11.574 men) on The Philippines. Japanese
troops capture Corregidor. British troops draw back at
the border of India. The Battle of Midway. Begin of the 4-day
air-naval battle of Midway. In this battle of planes; Japanese lost
carriers "Akagi", "Kaga" , "Soryu" and "Hiryu", American lost carrier
"Yorktown", sank by a Japanese submarine. The Nazi
German Africa Corps under (just) Field Marshall Erwin Rommel capture
Tobruk, about 25.000 British prisoners of war.
Lieutenant General Dwight D. Eisenhower commander of U.S. forces in
Europe. Himmler, on his second visit to Auschwitz,
personally witnesses killing procedures using Zyklon B. U.S. Marines
land at Guadalcanal, the Solomon Islands. The American
begin landings in the Solomons, troops gain footholds on Guadalcanal,
Tulagi and Gavutu.When the Guadalcanal campaign
began, it was the first land offensive by the United States against
any Axis power. It continued to be the only land offensive by
the United States until the major Allied invasion of North Africa in
November 1942. Gandhi and his chief supporters of
committee "Quit India" are jailed in India causing mass riots. German
troops reach Maikop oil-field in Russia.
Russian bombers raid on Berlin and other German cities. The Battle of
Alam Halfa (Egypt), British forces under General
Montgomery defeat Rommel's Afrika Korps. Rommel attacks at Alam Halfa,
but is repulsed and his armour is considerably
weakened. Generals Alexander and Montgomery came, Generals Auchinleck
and Ritchie are gone. The Eighth Army receives
300 Sherman tanks in September. German troops at the centre of
Stalingrad. The Air-Sea battle of Guadalcanal Naval Battles
of Guadalcanal; the turning point in the Pacific. Los Alamos is
selected as the site for an Atomic Bomb Laboratory. Robert
Oppenheimer is named the Director. German Armygroup "Hoth", with 2
tankdiv., try to set free the surrounded Germans at
Stalingrad.Von Paulus with the permission of Hitler to do a break out
of Stalingrad provided that Stalingrad must be hold.
Japanese troops land on Wake island.
1943
German force surrender at Stalingrad, Soviet Union. Norsk Hydro 'heavy
water' plant raid. Norwegian soldiers, trained in the
UK and dropped by the RAF, inflicts damage to the 'heavy water' plant
at the Norsk Hydro power station near Ryukan.
Although German nuclear physicists had been early leaders in research,
Nazi Gennany made no real progress towards the
creation of an atomic bomb. It was a German scientist who had
discovered atomic fission and Germans had first published the
theory of the chain-reacting pile. When the Anglo-American atomic homb
was being developed during WW II, it was feared
that the Gemans were conducting parallel research. A 'heavy water'
plant was attacked and destroyed in Norway by a
Norwegian resistance group in the hope that this would delay German
production. But it not until November 1944 that the
Allies were sure that German research not progressed beyond a
comparatively primitive stage, and that atomic physists had not
been given any significant priority for their work. Once again,
Hitler's production planning relied on conventional weaponry,
while Himmler tried to divert the scientists to projects that he
favoured ideologically. Furthermore, the early purging from the
universities of suspected intellectuals and Jews had seriously
weakened the research teams, many members of which had
chosen to emigrate to the USA. Heavy water is used in certain types of
nuclear reactors where it acts as a neutron moderator
to slow down neutrons so that they can react with the uranium in the
reactor. Failure attempt murder on Hitler. Von Tresckow
places a bomb in Hitlers plane flying from Smolensk to his
headquaters; bomb did not explode. American P-38s from the 13th
Air Force launched from Guadalcanal, flew to Bougainvillea and shot
down Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto plane and killing him.
Operation Mincemeat was a highly successful Allied deception plan
against Axis Forces. The operation involved releasing a
dead man in a life jacket off the coast of Spain. A briefcase attached
to the body contained fake documents identifying the man
as a Major William Martin and copies of fake Allied war plans which
stated that the Allies were planning an invasion of
Sardinia, rather than Sicily. Local fishermen pulled out the corpse
and intelligence materials. The documents were sent to Axis
commanders and who were fooled by them. This information quickly
reached Hitler who, on 12 May, demanded that
"measures regarding Sardinia and the Peloponnese take precedence over
everything else". Operation Husky commenced on 9
July, with the Allies attacking the southern tip of Sicily. The island
was taken by the Allies by 7 August. Mussolini had been
stripped of his power on 25 July. End of the war in
North-Africa.Bizerta and Tunis capture by the Allied, all Germans
dislogde
or capture in North-Africa; 252.000 Germans and Italian prisoners of
war. After the British victory at the battle of El Alamein
in November 1942, General Rommel's army retreated across north Africa
to a defensive position in Tunisia. The Allies brought
in enormous new forces by landing on the coasts of Morocco and
Algeria. Rommel's attempt at fresh offensives failed and
General Montgomery broke through his positions in early April 1943.
Forced to retreat again, Rommel's forces were deprived
of food and supplies by the Allies. They surrendered on 13 May 1943.
Commander-in-chief of the U-boats decision to stop the attacks on
convoys at the Atlantic, after heavy losses.
Doenitz, Grossadmiral Karl (1891-1980) Doenitz specialised in
submarine warfare from 1916 and in the 1936-39 period built
up the German U-Boat fleet. He played a key role in the Battle of the
Atlantic during the Second World War, devising the
tactic of hunting allied vessels in packs. He replaced Admiral Raeder
as Commander in Chief of the German Navy in 1943 and
retained the position until 1945. Hitler's final testament appointed
Doenitz as President of the German Reich. He was sentenced
to ten years imprisonment at the Nuremberg Trials and released from
Spandau in 1956. The Italian Fascist Grand Council
passes a vote of censure against Benito Mussolini.Field Marshall
Pietro Badoglio is appointed the Prime Minister of Italy.
Mussolini is imprisoned in the Grand Sasso Hotel on the Grand Sasso
plateau in the Abruzzi mountains.Marshal Badoglio is
asked to fotm a new government after King Victor Emmanuel III relieves
Mussolini of his office. The ambitious dictator, who
has lacked any organisational or leadership attributes is arrested as
he leaves the meeting.. Roosevelt and Churchill meet in
Quebec to discuss plans for the invasion of Normandy ( Operation
Overlord ). Supreme Commander for the invasion is agreed
to be an American. U.S. will remain in command of Pacific operations.
Allied troops reach Messina and occupy all of Sicily,
Italy. 597 RAF bombers bomb German Rocket Launching Site Peenemünde.
The production of the V1 Flying Bomb began in
Germany in 1942, but the actual launch was delayed until 1944 because
of successful Allied bombing of bomb sites.Wernher
von Braun(1912-1977), Braun was made technical director of the rocket
research station at Peenemunde in 1936. In the
1940s he developed the V-2 (Vergeltungswaffe or reprisal) weapon.
These rockets were capable of carrying a ton of
explosives for 200 miles and were used on Britain in 1944-45. Braun
surrendered to US forces in 1945 and was taken to the
USA. He took American citizenship and became director of the US
Ballistic Missile Agency, developing the rocket which
launched the US space satellite from Cape Canaveral in 1958 and the
Saturn rockets used in the Apollo missions. Ninety Nazi
German paratroopers lead by Lieutenant Colonel Otto Skorzeny
"liberate" Benito Mussolini from the Grand Sasso Hotel.
1944
Marshal Badoglio announce: "Italy declares war on Germany" (in the
presence of General Maxwell Taylor). 44 Nations sign in
Washington the "United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Association".
The "Big Three," Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin meet
in Teheran, Iran. Two American divisions land on the island
Eniwetok.Hideki Tojo is named chief of the Japanese Army
General Staff and becomes the military dictator of Japan. American
B-24 bombers drop 2,000 tons of bombs on Berlin,
Germany. Japanese forces invade India. General Charles de Gaulle
becomes head of the French Provisional Government in
London, England.Begin of American systematic bombardements on Romania
oil-fields from South-Italy. Allied air force launch
a 30-hour air offensive on France and Germany. The German Army's
military intelligence unit, the Abwehr, is removed from the
control of the Wehrmacht by Hitler. Its chief, Admiral Canaris, is
dismissed and all secret service activities are placed in the
hands of Heinrich Himmler, the SS leader. Canaris has been
clandestinely conspiring against Hitler. Allied forces launch the
D-Day invasion of Normandy, France. Preparations for the invasion of
Europe by the Allies involved enormous movements of
men and equipment and considerable secrecy in order to conceal the
exact timing and destination from the Germans. The men
did not know until the last possible moment where and when they were
going. From 1942 onwards many people believed and
hoped that the opening of a 'second front' on the continent would soon
be possible. But it was not until the end of 1943 that
serious preparations for the re-invasion of Europe across the Channel
began. In the south of England seemingly endless
convoys of military vehicles and troops of all the Allied nations
poured along the roads and railways of Britain towards the
sealed coastal area. V-1 named "Vergeltungswaffe". Germany launches
its first V-1 rocket attack on England, till 20 June 8000
V-1's fired to London. General de Gaulle returns to France. U.S B-29
Superfortress bomber make their first raid on Japan
from bases in China. Soviet forces recapture Minsk. The entire
Government of Japan resigns, Emperor Hirohito asks General
Kuniaka Koiso to form a new government. Adolf Hitler is wounded in an
murder attempt at his headquarters "Wolfschanze" in
Rastenburg, East Prussia. Failed attempt by German conservatives to
overthrow the Nazi government and kill Hitler (who
survives the bomb blast relatively unhurt). U.S. Army and Marines
invade Guam. General Eisenhower moves his command
headquarters from England to Normandy, France. U.S. Army and Marines
capture Guam.
Conference of Dumbarton Oaks, between USA, Great-Britain, Sowjet-Union
and China. Allied representatives meet at
Dumbarton Oaks, near Washington, D.C., in a conference to discuss
postwar security. An agreement is signed to create an
assembly of all nations, a council of leading states, and an
International Court of Justice. Among those attending are Edward
Stettinius (U.S.), Sir Alexander Cadogan (British) and Andrei Gromyko
(Soviet Union). This assembly is to be known as the
United Nations. The Germans launched the first V-2 rocket and hits
England (London). Launched from Wassenaar, a suburb
of The Hague still in German hands, the first V-2 rocket to land in
England reaches Chiswick in west London. At this point the
threat from the V-1 has been chiefly removed by the capture of the
launch sites in France, but now the new projectile, fired
from mobile launchers, poses a new problem. Its 192-mile flight is
completed in five minutes and brings devastation to six
houses in Staveley Road, much additional damage, and three people
killed and ten injured. This was not the intended target, of
course, but those witnessing the event cannot explain the cause of the
explosion because the speed of the projectile is such that
it arrives before the sound of its passage is heard. Press statements
are minimal and the public remains in the dark for two
months. The Allies will find it difficult to fly raids against the
mobile launch vehicles even though they quickly trace the area in
which they are operating. The V-2 programme will have a minimal effect
on the war as a whole, the daily bombardment barely
equalling the effect of a single Allied bomber over Germany. Hitlers's
order the formation of the "Volkssturm". Soviet forces
invade Czechoslovakia. British and Greek forces recapture Athens,
Greece. Joseph Stalin renounce the neutrality pact between
the Soviet Union and Japan. Franklin D. Roosevelt is elected to an
unprecedented fourth term as President of the United
States. German troops in the Ardennes forest launch a counteroffensive
"The Battle of the Bulge", the operation is called :
"Herbstnebel", last major attempt to turn back the Allied advance in
the west. A German Airborne operation on a small scale
was carried out against during the Ardennes offensive, there were a
few other major Airborne operations launched by the
Germans; at Holland May 1940 and at Crete May 1941. Counter-offensive
of General Patton from Arlon into the direction of
Bastogne. Patton, General George (1885-1945) Patton commanded an
armoured corps in 1941 and fought in Tunisia in 1943.
In 1944 his Third Army cut across France in a sweep through Brittany,
round Paris, up the Marne and the Moselle, across the
Rhine and into northern Bavaria, entering Czechoslovakia in April
1945. He was killed in a road accident in occupied Germany
in December 1945.
1945
Russian troops capture Warsaw, Poland. Red Army liberates Auschwitz,
finds convincing evidence of SS atrocities of the
Holocaust. Concentration camps were established in Germany shortly
after Hitler's assumption of power in 1933 as places for
anyone out of step with Nazism to be detained. Socialists, communists,
blacks, gypsies, vagabonds, trade unionists, and Jews
were amongst those seen as undesirable. The outbreak of war brought a
radical change in the camp system. New concentration
camps were set up throughout occupied Europe to deal with the millions
of captive foreign opponents of German domination.
In Poland extermination camps were established to implement the 'Final
Solution,' the systematic killing of more than six million
Jews. The concentration camps varied in size and function but in each
there was no regard for human life. Many were massive
industrial complexes using the inmates as slaves. Disease, starvation,
neglect, overwork, added to the death toll of deliberate
murders. Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin hold the Yalta Conference
('The Big Three'). Capture of Belgium. US Marines
divisions land on Iwo Jima ( 20 km²), In the Pacific Iwo Jima is
strategically and politically to both sides significant. The
Americans need the island as a fighter base (Mustangs P-51 fighters)
for their Japanese raids (B-29's) and a relief base for
damaged bombers. On the first day some 30.000 marines getting ashore,
the about 23.000 Japanese soldiers has prepared
defences but allows the landing to take place before opening fire.
Over the next two months 6.281 US soldiers are killed (in the
first 2 days, 4000 US soldiers died), and 21.865 are wounded in
capturing the island from 23.000 defenders, 21.000 Japanese
soldiers died. U.S. Marines plant a U.S. flag on Mount Suribachi, Iwo
Jima. Turkey and Egypt vote to join the Allies against
Germany and Japan. In a massive air raid on Tokyo by 334 US B-29
Superfortresses 100.000 lose their lives, injuring
1,000,000, in the firestorm created among the wood and paper-built
houses. The B-29s, stripped of guns for greater bomb
load, carrying 2000 tons of incendiaries. 15.8 square miles of Tokyo
burn. U.S. Army and Marines (10th USA Army and 4
divisions) invade Okinawa. Invasion Fleet: 1300 ships and 100.000 men.
Many "Kamikaze" attacks caused 5.000 dead USA
marines. After fight 11.000 Japanese surrender and 110.000 were
killed. U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt dies; he is
succeeded by his Vice-president, Harry S. Truman. Soviet forces
capture Vienna, Austria. British Army liberated Bergen
Belsen. By entering these camps, the full horror of the Nazi's attempt
to exterminate the Jewish race became clear; mounds of
corpses have to be buried by bulldozer. Belsen, Belsen occupied a
unique place in the concentration camp system. Initially it
had been a special camp for important Jewish prisoners but in the last
months of the war it was totally overwhelmed by the
influx of prisoners moved from camps in the path of the Allies'
advance from east and west. By April 1945 there were 60,000
prisoners in Belsen, living in conditions of the most appalling
squalor and disease. Belsen was liberated by the British on 14
April 1945. It became one of the symbols of the worst excesses and
inhuman barbarity of the Nazi regime.
American and Soviet forces meet at Torgau on the Elbe: Hitler's
collapsing Reich is cut in two."United Nations" formed in San
Francisco. Benito Mussolini, Clara Petacci (his mistress), and sixteen
of Mussolini's body-guards are assassinated in the village
of Giulino di Messegra, on Lake Como, Italy. Field Marshall Sir Harold
Alexander receives the German surrender of Italy.
Adolf Hitler and Eva Braun married in hitler's bunker in Berlin,
Germany. Adolf Hitler, Eva Braun, Goebbels and his wife
commit suicide in the bunker under the Reich Chancellery in Berlin,
Germany. Some of Hitler's last words are: "Vor allem
verpflichte ich die Führung der Nation und die Gefolgschaft zur
peinlichen Einhaltung des Rassegesetze und zum
umbarmherzigen Widerstand gegen den weltvergiftiger aller Völker, das
internationale Judentum". American forces liberate
33,000 Jews from the Dachau concentration camp. Soviet forces capture
Berlin, Germany. 15.00u; German forces (General
Weidling) in Berlin surrender to the Red Army (General Tsjoeikow).
German surrender at Italy, the Italian campaign ended;
848.000 men killed of which 534.000 Germans. Field Marshal von
Rundstedt captive. German Fuehrer Doenitz surrenders
Germany. All U-boats are ordered home and all armies are ordered to
cease fire.V-E Day - Victory in Europe is celebrated.
Soviet forces discover the body of Dr. Joseph Goebbels, German
Minister of Propaganda, his wife and children. All died by
suicide. British troops capture German Gestapo chief Heinrich Himmler.
He commits suicide upon capture by swallowing
poison. American invasionplan for Japan decided: 1 Novembre 1945
landing on Kyoesjoe, summer 1946 landing on the plain
of Tokyo. Japan is fire bombed by American bombers. The city burns,
uncontrolled, for two days.Chinese take Foochow (18
May) and Nanning (26 May). A aerial view of the industrial part of
Tokyo showing extensive damage done by Allied saturation
raids 5 June 1945, The Four Powers (the United States, Britain, the
Soviet Union, and France) sign the declaration of German
defeat. Mass suicides among the Japanese forces on Okinawa (Oruku
region), indicates the hopelessness of Japanese situation.
General Dwight D. Eisenhower addresses a joint session of the U.S.
Congress. U.S. Army and Marines (with 7th Infantry div.)
complete the capture of Okinawa; 112.000 Japanese and 12.500 American
are killed, 36.000 wounded. Fifty nations meet in
San Francisco, California (USA) and sign the World Security Charter
formally establishing the United Nations. President
Truman approves plans for invasion of Japan at 1 November 1945, with
further landings in the spring 1946. The first atomic
device is exploded at Alamogordo (Los Alamos), New Mexico (USA).
The first atomic device is exploded in August 1945 at Alamogordo, New
Mexico, followed
by the first atomic weapon dropped on Hiroshima, Japan, from the Enola
Gay, a B-29 Bomber
The U.S. delivers a final ultimatum to the Japanese, quit the war or
face total destruction. At the Potsdam Conference in
defeated Germany, President Truman told Stalin only that the U.S. "had
a new weapon of unusual destructive force."
The world's first atomic bomb (Uranium), Little Boy, is dropped on
Hiroshima, Japan, from the Enola Gay, a B-29 bomber
piloted by Colonel Tibbets of the 509th Composite Group, the first
military unit in the history to drop a nuclear bomb in
combat. One minute after explosion were 66.000 killed and 69.000
wounded. Japan tries to persuade the Soviets to mediate
surrender negotiations. Molotov cancel's the meeting, then The Soviet
Union declares war on Japan. Soviet forces invade
Manchuria and North-Korea. Emperor Hirohito announces the Japan defeat
to his people. Japan accepts an unconditional
surrender. The fear of more atomic weapon attacks and the certainty of
land defeat by the Soviets have combined to secure the
complete surrender. The Allies name 24 Nazi and Prussian officers to
face war crimes trials in Nuremberg, Germany.
General MacArthur sets-up his headquarters in Yokohama, Japan.
Japanese surrendered in Burma, Major Wako Lisanon,
Staff Officer of the Japanese 28th Army, hands his sword to Lieutenant
Colonel O C Smyth, commanding 1/10 Gurkha
Regiment. There were many such ceremonies as units in the field
surrendered. Japanese Foreign Minister Mamoru Shigemitsu
signs the instrument of surrender aboard the battleship U.S.S.
Missouri in Tokyo Bay, Japan. The Nuremberg Trials begin with
21 leading Nazi officials in the dock including Goering, Donitz,
Raeder, Jodl and Keitel. The event discloses to the world the
horror of the Nazi regime; Rudolf Hess, who had been an SS-
Obergruppenfuhrer, gives appalling details of the systematic
mass murder at Auschwitz. The trails continue until October 1946.
WORLD WAR III
1990
On Aug. 2, 1990, Iraqi military forces, on orders from President
Saddam Hussein, invaded and occupied the small country of
Kuwait. The Persian Gulf War of 1991--from January 16 to February
28--was fought to expel Iraq and restore Kuwaiti
independence. The United States forged a broad-based international
coalition of nations that confronted the Iraq militarily.
The military coalition of nations consisted of: Afghanistan,
Argentina, Australia, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Belgium, Canada,
Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Egypt, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,
Honduras, Italy, Kuwait, Morocco, The Netherlands,
New Zealand, Niger, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Qatar,
Saudi Arabia, Senegal, South Korea, Spain, Syria
Turkey, The United Arab Emirates, The United Kingdom, and the United
States. The war also was financed by countries that
were unable to send in troops. Switzerland also contributed to the
allies, this after being neutral during both World War I and
World War II.. The war also created a new opportunity for peacemaking
in the Middle East. Shortly after the Iraqi invasion
President Bush announced that once the Iraqi forces vacated Kuwait, he
would increase efforts to Middle East peace process.
After the war, Secretary of State James Baker undertook several trips
to the Middle East in an effort that resulted of an
international conference on Arab-Israel peace jointly sponsored by the
United States and the Soviet Union in Madrid in
October 1991. The increased Arab readiness to participate in such
talks--representatives of Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Saudi
Arabia, and Syria as well as a Palestinian delegation
participated--brought together by the war.
The after effects of the war also enabled the United States to forge
closer cooperation with certain regional allies that
participated in the coalition. The U.S. signed new defense agreements
with several coalition members providing for joint
exercises, training, and prepositioning of military equipment. These
enabled the administration of U.S. President Bill Clinton to
react quickly and decisively when Iraq threatened Kuwait briefly in
October 1994 by moving troops toward the Kuwait
border.Little Known Info on the War On the final night of the
war--within hours of the cease-fire--two U.S. Air force bombers
dropped specially designed 5,000-pound bombs on a command bunker
fifteen miles northwest of Baghdad in a deliberate
attempt to kill Saddam Hussein. The decision to seek United Nations
involvement was part of a larger, more cynical strategy of
the Bush administration to circumvent Congress, to bypass the
constitutional authority of Congress--and only Congress--to
declare war.During the very week King Fahd was persuaded to invite
U.S. troops to Saudi Arabia in order to defend his
monarchy from the alleged threat of an Iraqi invasion, a U.S.
intelligence officer who was secretly sent to Kuwait by General H.
Norman Schwarzkopf reported that Iraq had began withdrawing its
Republican Guard divisions from Kuwait entirely.
Several weeks before the Baghdad was bombed on January 17th, 1991,
U.S. intelligence agents successfully inserted a
computer virus into Iraq's military computers. It was designed to
disable much of Baghdad's air-defense system.The largest
tank battle of the war, which has previously has gone unreported in
any detail, conclusively demonstrated the superiority of
American tanks and fighting doctrine over that of the Soviets. As a
whole, the battles of the ground war showed that American
military maneuverability clearly outclassed the plodding tactics of
the Iraqis, who emphasized pitched engagements and linear
movements as they had been taught by their Soviet advisers.
The size of the Iraqi army in the Kuwait Theater of Operations was
probably much smaller than claimed by the Pentagon. On
the eve of the war, Iraq may have had as few as 300,000 solders,
compaired to 540,000 estimated by the Pentagon. In official
reports, the Pentagon has admitted that of the 148 American servicemen
and women who perished on the battlefield, 24
percent of the total killed in action were victims of 'friendly fire'.
Eleven more Americans were killed when un exploded Allied
munitions blew up, raising the 'friendly fire' percent to 31 percent.
Most solders said that the thousands of unexploded mines
and bomblets they encountered, were more dangerous than enemy fire. On
January 29 1991, an Iraqi force, apparently
comprising two infantry and one tank battalions, crossed the Kuwait
border in the south-eastern front and headed in the
direction of Khafji, a deserted Saudi town, some 12 miles from the
frontier. Taking the small Saudi garrison by surprise, the
Iraqis occupied the town and resisted allied attempts to dislodge them
for nearly two days. In the ensuing fighting the Americans
suffered their first casualties in ground fighting when 11 marines
were killed (7 of them from friendly fire). The Iraqi losses in
men and equipment were far higher, amounting to dozens of dead and
hundreds of prisoners.
President Bush waited two days after the UN deadline for Iraqi
withdrawal from Kuwait before ordering the Coalition to begin
action against Iraqi forces. The Winds of Desert Storm began howling
across Iraq at 0230 hours Baghdad time. This is how
President Bush announced the start of Desert Storm to the World. The
US-IRAQ was in many views, World War III. In
World War II it most of global nations to fight Hitler's Nazi Germany.
The scope of nations who were involved in fighting Iraq's
Saddam Hussein in 1990 included, Australia, Britain, Canada, China,
Finland, France, Germany, Japan, New Zealand, Poland,
Romania, Russia, Spain, Switzerland, United States. The scope of these
nations are very similar to World War II when the
three Axis Pacts of Germany, Italy, and Japan had embarked on world
conquest, and in the end, suffered horrific defeat which
included the two atomic bombs ( Named Little Boy & Fat Man ) dropped
on Japan and the nations of Europe were left in
ruins. The 1990 war on Iraq and Saddam Hussein is almost identical in
the political and military assault on Germany and
Adolph Hitler's Third Reich. This was truly World War III.
In a closing note concerning global nuclear weapons. In 2001, The
United States alone had a estimated 60-80 Ohio Class
Nuclear ICBM Submarines which carried the nuclear capacity of 23,000
Hiroshima bombs.
SSBN OHIO CLASS BALLISTIC MISSILE SUBMARINE, USA
The Ohio class submarine is equipped with the Trident strategic
ballistic missile from Lockheed Martin Missiles and Space.The
submarine has the capacity for 24 Trident missile tubes in two rows of
12, capable of carrying up to twelve MIRVs (multiple
independent re-entry vehicles), each with a yield of 100 kilotons. The
Ohio class submarines serve the United States Navy as
the virtually undetectable undersea launch platforms of
intercontinental missiles.
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