TBN's Promise: Send Money and See Riches

By William Lobdell Los Angeles Times Times Staff Writer

Pastor Paul Crouch calls it "God's economy of giving," and here is how
it works:

People who donate to Crouch's Trinity Broadcasting Network will reap
financial blessings from a grateful God. The more they give TBN, the
more he will give them.


Being broke or in debt is no excuse not to write a check. In fact,
it's an ideal opportunity. For God is especially generous to those who
give when they can least afford it.


"He'll give you thousands, hundreds of thousands," Crouch told his
viewers during a telethon last November. "He'll give millions and
billions of dollars."


Preachers who pass the hat while praising the Lord have long been the
stuff of ridicule in film and fiction. But for Crouch and his Orange
County-based television ministry, God's economy of giving is no
laughing matter. It brings a rich bounty, year after year.


Crouch has used a doctrine called the "prosperity gospel" to
underwrite a worldwide broadcasting network and a life of luxury for
himself and his family.


For at least a century, preachers have plied the notion that dropping
money in the collection plate will bring blessings from God - material
as well as spiritual. But Crouch, through inspired salesmanship and
advanced telecommunications technology, has converted this timeworn
creed into a potent financial engine.


TBN collects more than $120 million a year from viewers of its
Christian programming - more than any other TV ministry. Those
donations have fueled its rise from a rented studio in Santa Ana to a
global broadcasting system whose programs appear on thousands of
channels - via satellite, cable and over-the-air broadcasts - in a
dozen languages.


The network's donors also help fund generous salaries for Crouch
($403,700 a year) and his wife, Jan ($361,000), and an array of perks,
including a TBN-owned jet and 30 homes across the country, among them
a pair of Newport Beach mansions and a ranch in Texas.


The prosperity gospel is rooted in the idea that God wants Christians
to prosper and that believers have the right to ask him for financial
gifts. TBN has woven this notion into its round-the-clock programming
as well as the thousands of fund-raising letters it mails every day.


During one telethon, Crouch, 70, told viewers that if they did their
part to advance the Kingdom of God - such as by donating money to TBN
- they should not be shy about asking God for a reward.


"If my heart really, honestly desires a nice Cadillac . would there be
something terribly wrong with me saying, 'Lord, it is the desire of my
heart to have a nice car . and I'll use it for your glory?' " Crouch
asked. "I think I could do that and in time, as I walked in obedience
with God, I believe I'd have it."


Other preachers who appear on the network offer variations on the
theme that God appreciates wealth and likes to share it. One of them,
John Avanzini, once told viewers that Jesus, despite his humble image,
was a man of means.


"John 19 tells us that Jesus wore designer clothes," Avanzini said,
referring to the purple robe that Christ's tormentors wrapped around
him before the Crucifixion. "I mean, you didn't get the stuff he wore
off the rack.. No, this was custom stuff. It was the kind of garment
that kings and rich merchants wore."


TBN viewers are told that if they don't reap a windfall despite their
donations, they must be doing something to "block God's blessing" -
most likely, not giving enough.


Crouch has particularly stern words for those who are not giving at
all.


"If you have been healed or saved or blessed through TBN and have not
contributed . you are robbing God and will lose your reward in
heaven," he said during a 1997 telecast.

A central element of the prosperity gospel is that no one is too poor
or too indebted to donate. Bishop Clarence McClendon, a preacher whose
show "Take It By Force" appears on TBN, told viewers in March that God
had asked him to deliver a message to those in financial difficulty:

They should "sow a seed" by using their credit cards to make
donations. In return, the Lord would see to it that the balances would
be paid off within 30 days.

"Get Jesus on that credit card!" McClendon said.

Ask and Receive

Proponents of the prosperity gospel - also known as the "name it and
claim it" gospel and the "health and wealth" gospel - point to a verse
in the Hebrew Scriptures in which the Lord warns the faithful not to
"rob" him by withholding their tithes:

" 'Test me in this,' says the Lord Almighty, 'and see if I will not
throw open the floodgates of heaven and pour out so much blessing that
you will not have room enough for it.' "

E.W. Kenyon, an evangelical pastor in the first half of the 20th
century, was an early and influential advocate of the idea that God
would grant material wishes.

Kenyon wrote about the "power of faith" to bring health and wealth. He
depicted an Almighty who not only protected his followers and forgave
their sins, but handed out gifts if asked. The important thing was to
ask.

Kenyon's ideas inspired what came to be known as the Word of Faith
movement. Many of the phrases Kenyon coined - such as "What I confess,
I possess" - are still used by evangelists.

After Kenyon's death in 1948, other pastors used aspects of his
teachings to draw an even more emphatic connection between piety and
prosperity. Pentecostalists such as Oral Roberts were particularly
ardent in espousing this doctrine.

In the 1960s, Pastor Kenneth Hagin, often described as the father of
the Word of Faith movement, raised the profile of the prosperity
gospel still further, promoting it on television and in books with
titles such as "Godliness Is Profitable" and "How to Write Your Own
Ticket with God."

Hagin preached a four-part formula that he said he received in a
vision from Jesus: Say it. Do it. Receive it. Tell it.

First, believers must ask God for what they want. Next, they must
demonstrate their faith through donations. Then they will tap into the
"powerhouse of heaven" and receive their gifts. Finally, they must
spread the news.

Most of today's leading televangelists preach some version of this
creed.

Paul and Jan Crouch were brought up in the Assemblies of God, a
Pentecostal denomination where the prosperity gospel flourishes. After
working in ministries in South Dakota and Michigan, the couple moved
to Southern California in 1961 to run an Assemblies of God TV
production facility in Burbank.

They launched their own network in 1973. After two nights on the air
on KBSA-TV Channel 46 in Santa Ana, they were broke. So the next
night, they staged a telethon.

The phones hardly rang. Then Paul Crouch hit on an idea, he recalled
in his autobiography, "Hello World!" He told Jan to announce on the
air that an anonymous donor had promised to give $20,000 - on
condition that viewers pledge the same amount that night.

The anonymous donor was Crouch, and the $20,000 was money the couple
had already lent the network. If viewers came through with $20,000,
they would forgo repayment of the loan.

By evening's end, viewers had phoned in $30,000 in pledges, enough to
keep TBN on the air.

"Without really realizing it at the time, I had put into motion one of
God's most powerful laws - the law of giving and receiving, sowing and
reaping," Crouch wrote. "Thirty-, 60- and 100-fold blessing is,
indeed, a glorious truth and blessing for those who will simply obey
the word of the Lord!"

The prosperity gospel became the foundation of TBN fundraising. The
Crouches and TBN personalities such as faith healer Benny Hinn present
the doctrine with passion and a flair for the dramatic.

During fundraising "Praise-a-thons," the Crouches read testimonials
from donors whose debts supposedly were miraculously forgiven - or who
inexplicably received checks in the mail. They pray over donors'
pledge cards.

In 2000, TBN televangelists told viewers that those who promised
$2,000 would get the money back before the end of the year - and would
find that their debts had been canceled. Later, donors were invited to
send in loan statements and other debt paperwork. The documents were
burned on a stone altar.

During another pitch, Crouch read on camera a letter he said was from
a financially strapped viewer who had pledged $4,000.

According to Crouch, the donor wrote: "Within 15 minutes of that time,
I received a check in the U.S. mail in the amount of $5,496.70. No
explanation.. I know it's not an income tax return. I don't make
enough money to file returns."

That year, in a fundraising letter to the network's "prayer partners,"
Crouch wrote: "Praise the Lord, the reports of awesome miracles of
debts canceled and God's people coming out of debt continue to come
in. God's economy of giving really works!"

What Windfall?

Most mainstream theologians and pastors say the prosperity gospel is
at best a doctrinal error and at worst a con game. They point out that
Jesus and his disciples abandoned their possessions in order to live a
spiritually rich life.

"It is difficult to fathom how anyone familiar with the abundance of
biblical teaching about the 'deceitfulness of riches' could have
devised the prosperity gospel," said William Martin, a sociology
professor at Rice University and author of a biography of Billy
Graham.

"While the Bible does not condemn all wealth, it surely points to its
dangers in numerous passages."

Critics of TBN say that the promise of financial miracles - besides
being a distraction from the core principles of Christianity - can
cause real harm.

Ole E. Anthony, founder of the Trinity Foundation in Dallas, a
televangelist watchdog, said he knew people who had given the last of
their savings to TV preachers, hoping for a windfall that never came.

"The people on TBN are living the lifestyle of fabulous wealth on the
backs of the poorest and most desperate people in our society,"
Anthony said. "People have lost their faith in God because they
believe they weren't worthy after not receiving their financial
blessing."

Thomas D. Horne, of Williford, Ark., a disabled Vietnam-era veteran,
said that in 1994 he was swept away by the rhetoric of TBN pastors and
donated about $6,000 in disability benefits.

Time went by and he did not receive the promised surfeit of money.
Last year, he found out that TBN had purchased a Newport Beach mansion
overlooking the Pacific. He wrote to the network, asking for his money
back.

"I want to recoup my hard-earned disability money I sent to these
despicable people," said Horne. He said he has received no reply.

Philip McPeake is another donor for whom God's economy of giving did
not deliver. Out of work and out of luck in November 1998, McPeake
heard the Rev. R.W. Schambach make an impassioned plea for donations
on TBN's Kansas City television station, KTAJ.

Schambach promised that if viewers sent $200 as a down payment on a
$2,000 pledge, God would give them the rest within 90 days - with a
bonus to follow.

McPeake sent in his money and waited for his luck to change. When it
didn't, he complained to the Missouri state attorney general's office
and the Federal Communications Commission (news - web sites). TBN
refunded his donation.

Carl Geisendorfer, who runs a low-power Christian television station
in Quincy, Ill., offered TBN programming for 19 years - until, he
said, he grew disgusted by the televangelists' financial appeals.

He said he pulled TBN off the air in 2002 after watching a preacher
tell viewers that they should pledge $2,000 - even if they didn't have
it - in order to receive a financial miracle from God.

"I should have canceled TBN several years earlier, but I thought Paul
Crouch would finally see the light on how foolish and prideful that
false gospel is," said Geisendorfer, president of Believer's
Broadcasting Corp., a small media group. "I'm sorry I waited as long
as I did."

Geisendorfer said donations to his station dropped 25% after he
dropped TBN's programs. He said Paul Crouch called him and, during a
90-minute conversation, admitted to struggling over how far to go in
promising financial rewards to donors.

"He said, 'What's the difference if some believe it or not. It works
for many people. Why not?' " Geisendorfer wrote in a newsletter sent
to station supporters last year. He quoted Crouch as saying: "The
money comes in and the world is being reached by the Gospel."

Crouch declined to be interviewed for this article. His son, Paul
Crouch Jr., a TBN executive, said critics of the prosperity gospel
overlook the fact that the network has used viewers' contributions to
bring God's word to millions of people.

He said it was unfortunate that "the prosperity gospel is a lightning
rod for the Body of Christ. It's not what drives TBN."

If TBN was interested only in money, the younger Crouch said, it would
sell advertisements instead of funding its operations primarily with
viewers' contributions.

"We could double our money tomorrow," he said.

He added that appeals for money make up a small part of TBN
programming and are prominent mainly during TBN's twice-yearly,
weeklong "Praise-a-thons."

Those are the times when Rick Johnston, a retired pastor who lives
near Flagstaff, Ariz., swings into action.

Johnston, 56, organizes groups of like-minded Christians to try to jam
TBN's phone lines during "Praise-a-thons." The strategy is to stay on
the line as long as possible offering phony pledges.

"I feel like a little fly trying to knock down Goliath," Johnston
said. "But if I can stop somebody from being robbed of $100, I'm going
to do it. There are worse things in life I could be guilty of doing."

Not all TBN donors are looking for a financial payback. Many say they
are more interested in the promise of salvation and in helping spread
the message of Jesus.

Jeanne Fish, 87, a widow who lives in a Tustin apartment, said she
took solace from TBN when her husband died nearly 20 years ago and has
been a loyal viewer ever since.

"I get so much out of it," she said. "It's almost like getting a
theology degree. It's kind of hard to turn off, in fact."

Loyal viewers are dumbfounded that TBN generates controversy within
the evangelical community.

"I'm just so amazed and shocked that so many people don't like [TBN]
in the Christian world," said Arthur Robbins, an artist who lives near
Santa Cruz. "It's a huge undertaking to promote the Gospel worldwide,
and they're doing it."

On the air, Paul Crouch responds to criticism of the prosperity gospel
by invoking Satan.

"If the devil can keep all of us Christians poor, we won't have any
disposable income to build Christian television stations," Crouch said
once.

Michael Giuliano, an expert in televangelism at Westmont College in
Santa Barbara, said this is an effective strategy.

"It's very, very powerful," he said. "In a world of uncertainty, you
know who the good guys in the white hats are and who the guys in the
black hats are. And giving money to TBN is a tangible way to join the
fight for the good guys."

`Get Jesus on that credit card!'

Pastor Paul Crouch and other evangelists appearing on Trinity
Broadcasting Network tell viewers that God will reward them many times
over for their donations. Examples:

Paul Crouch:

'God spoke to me clearly and said, "Did I give my son Jesus on the
cross expecting nothing in return?" God bankrupted heaven and gave the
best gift he could give.. You can bring God a gift fully expecting
something in return. Get to the phone!'

'Have you got something that you have been praying about 10, 15, 20
years? You have been praying for it and haven't gotten it.. It could
be that you haven't gotten it because you are a tightwad and you
haven't given your 10%.'

'People ask me sometimes, "I have been asking from God and not
receiving anything." I have to ask them some hard questions: Are you
giving anything?'

Pastor Rod Parsley:

'You're on the brink of a miracle. Go to the phone and give $1,000,
$5,000, $10,000 and $1 million. Go to the phone.. God has a miracle
waiting on your response.'

'God gave his best at Calvary. He told me, "Don't you dare come before
me if you don't give your best!" '

'To reap a perpetual harvest you need to sow a perpetual seed. I got a
need for seed.'

Bishop Clarence McClendon:

'God spoke to me that there are 1,000 people that will give no less
than $100, I got this word! Get up! Get up! Get up! Go to the
phone..The spirit of God promised me that he would bless your seed! Go
to the phone right now! If you're sowing $1,000, do it now! If you're
sowing $100, do it now!'

'Some of you are wrestling with debt that you cannot pay off. God told
me this morning to tell you to . sow a seed on the credit card that
you want God to pay off.. Get Jesus on that credit card! Make a pledge
on that credit card!'

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