Heavy Elements
Evolutionists historically have had difficulty explaining the origin
of heavy elements. (A big bang would produce only hydrogen, helium,
and lithium.) The other 100+ elements supposedly formed deep inside
stars and during stellar explosions. This theory is hard to verify,
because stellar interiors and explosions cannot be carefully analyzed.
However, a vast region of gas containing the mass of
300,000,000,000,000 suns has been found that is quite rich in iron and
other heavy elements. The number of nearby visible stars is a thousand
times too small to account for the heavy elements in that huge region
(a). Heavy elements are even abundant in nearly empty regions of space
that are farthest from stars and galaxies (b).
Most hydrogen atoms weigh one atomic mass unit, but some, called heavy
hydrogen, weigh two units. If everything in the universe came from a
big bang or a swirling gas cloud, heavy hydrogen should be uniformly
mixed with normal hydrogen. It is not (c). Comets have twice the
concentration of heavy hydrogen as oceans. Oceans have 10-50 times the
concentration as the solar system and interstellar matter.
a . "Given that the cluster apparently comprises few galaxies, yet
contains a large amount of iron, a new type of astronomical object is
implied by our results. A revision of theoretical models of the metal
[heavy element] enrichment process in galaxy clusters may therefore be
required," M. Hattori et al., "A Dark Cluster of Galaxies at Redshift
z=1," Nature, Vol. 388, 10 July 1997, p. 146.
b . Lennox L. Cowie and Antoinette Songaila, "Heavy-Element Enrichment
in Low-Density Regions of the Intergalactic Medium," Nature, Vol. 394,
2 July 1998, pp. 44-46.
c . "In both cases, the scatter of the observed values [of heavy
hydrogen] is quite large and seems to reach a factor of 10. Although
it is already surprising to see such variations within ~1000 pc from
the sun, this looks unbelievable within only 30 pc from the sun." [1
pc (or parsec) = 3.258 light-years] A. Vidal-Madjar, "Interstellar
Helium and Deuterium," Diffuse Matter in Galaxies, editors J. Audouze
et al. (Boston: D. Reidel Publishing Company, 1983), pp. 77-78.
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