| Topic: |
Science > Physics |
| User: |
"Sam Wormley" |
| Date: |
26 Sep 2003 02:36:40 PM |
| Object: |
Copper Pentagons |
Ref: http://focus.aps.org/story/v12/st10
Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 135505 (issue of 26 September 2003)
Copper Pentagons
Perfect crystal structures can contain pyramids, cubes, or hexagons,
but not pentagons. The five-fold symmetry of a pentagon is impossible
to replicate over and over in space to make a conventional crystal.
But a team reports in the 26 September PRL that copper does display
five-fold symmetry--as a liquid. Liquid copper, like other metals, is
not entirely disordered but forms temporary small-scale structures.
The team probed liquid copper with x rays using existing techniques,
but with their own improvements, and found the first direct evidence
for five-fold symmetry. The research confirms a decades-old
prediction and suggests that five-fold symmetry may be widespread in
liquid metals.
Most solid metals form closely packed cubic crystals, but in the
1950s, calculations showed that metals such as copper, gold, silver,
and lead might form liquids with local five-fold symmetry. It was
already known that atoms in a liquid could form small clusters that
constantly break and reform. Five-fold ordering in metals is not
entirely unprecedented. Quasicrystals are metal alloys that have a
strange semi-crystalline five-fold symmetry that never quite repeats
itself. But five-fold ordering in a material that is normally a
perfect crystal has never been seen before.
See: http://focus.aps.org/story/v12/st10
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| User: "kdthrge" |
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| Title: Re: Copper Pentagons |
27 Sep 2003 11:14:12 AM |
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But five-fold ordering in a material that is normally a
perfect crystal has never been seen before.
See: http://focus.aps.org/story/v12/st10
I'd like to point out to you physics buffs a simple idea. Since this
is not from your training you will probably reject it outright. Since
I am a profesional in structural design and construction this is very
simple. But obviously for the mechanically challenged physics
community it is too much to even spend mental energy on simple three
dimensional studies.
THE FORM OF A CRYSTAL IS DETERMINED BY AN INTITIAL RATIO OF THE
BINDING ATOMS.
Consider the crystals of like atoms(the elements). Without going into
the theoretical question of why, just consider that ratios must
develop for the like atoms to bind. 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4. (This is not
ligancy). A pentagon would have to be a ratio of 2:3.
Ligancy and binding distance are also important in fomenting the
crystal shape but it is these basic ratios that determine crystal
structure. The units which form then determine the style of crystal
which is an identical repetition throughout the crystal.
This is easy a pie to analyse but not in line wuth the fantasy of
quantum mechanics.
Cubic crystals are ratios of 1:1.
Hexagonal crystals are ratios of 1:2.
monoclinic and triclinic are ratios of 1:3
orthorhombic are ratios of 1:4.
Carbon has limited ligancy. Normally four ligancy but with some
electro-positve elements it has a ligancy of 5 (aluminum tri-methyl).
The contemporary model for the diamind crystal is wrong. That is the
ice crystal.
Diamond has different degrees of hardness on different faces and in
different directions of these faces. In the electron microscope, on
the surface of the diamond appears the endless triangles. These facts
can only be explained by this crystal:
Carbon binds in ratio of 1:2 with limited ligancy, forming the
hexagonal crystal of graphite which is a good conductor or electricity
or diamond which is not a conductor of electricity.
Consider a strand of carbon atoms in groups of three, all with common
binding distance. Two atoms bound to the third at 109 degress. In the
strand each succesive set of three atoms is alternated 90 degrees.
This becomes like a strand of tetrahydrons like methane. these strands
can lay next to eachother in a common plane forming a layer. layers
like this then form the crystal of diamond. Diamond owes its unique
hardness to this crystal in which the third layer is connected to the
first layer. This is a fascinating crystal and becomes identical up
and down or side to side. At some points there is ligancy of 5.
This crystal requires and forms actually out of three strands, which
as they spiral form a pyramid, or the stepping back into the main body
of the crystal which causes the triangles(in three dimensions,
pyramids) of the electron microsope.
If you don't agree that this is the crystal of diamond, you must agree
that it is a fsscinating and strong structural organization which is
not recognized.
http://home.earthlink.net/~kdthrge/sub2.htm
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| User: "tj Frazir" |
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| Title: Re: Copper Pentagons |
26 Sep 2003 09:49:48 PM |
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NOT true because the hex is snows favorite shape. Stalks like it too,
Then with o word of dipole manipualtion by wave interaction the story
pumps voo doo sci for bucks .
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| User: "Terry Wilder" |
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| Title: Re: Copper Pentagons |
27 Sep 2003 03:16:36 AM |
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"tj Frazir" <GravityPhysics@webtv.net> wrote in message
news:14015-3F74FACC-8@storefull-2158.public.lawson.webtv.net...
NOT true because the hex is snows favorite shape. Stalks like it too,
Then with o word of dipole manipualtion by wave interaction the story
pumps voo doo sci for bucks .
See "Twinning"!
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