Doppler shift is evidence for varying speed of light.



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Topic: Science > Physics
User: ""
Date: 03 Aug 2005 10:09:12 AM
Object: Doppler shift is evidence for varying speed of light.
Doppler shift is evidence for varying speed of light.
Why?
Because the wave length of a specific light source remains constant in
all frames and thus according to the equation:
speed of light = Lambda*frequency
Therefore, If frequency is shifted then the speed of light is varied.
Ken Seto
.

User: "The Ghost In The Machine"

Title: Re: Doppler shift is evidence for varying speed of light. 11 Aug 2005 11:00:05 PM
In sci.physics, kenseto
<
>
wrote
on Thu, 11 Aug 2005 14:36:17 GMT
<BnJKe.55343$B52.16862@tornado.ohiordc.rr.com>:


"The Ghost In The Machine" <ewill@sirius.tg00suus7038.net> wrote in message
news:tdvqs2-8ih.ln1@sirius.tg00suus7038.net...

In sci.physics, kenseto
<

>
wrote
on Wed, 10 Aug 2005 13:59:52 GMT
<sLnKe.66109$yC5.35098@tornado.ohiordc.rr.com>:


"The Ghost In The Machine" <ewill@sirius.tg00suus7038.net> wrote in

message

news:v4vms2-les.ln1@sirius.tg00suus7038.net...

In sci.physics.relativity, kenseto
<

>
wrote
on Tue, 09 Aug 2005 14:37:32 GMT
<Mc3Ke.50489$B52.10284@tornado.ohiordc.rr.com>:


"The Ghost In The Machine" <ewill@sirius.tg00suus7038.net> wrote in

message

news:cm3is2-cvo.ln1@sirius.tg00suus7038.net...

In sci.physics.relativity, kenseto
<

>
wrote
on Sun, 07 Aug 2005 17:09:15 GMT
<%erJe.65399$yC5.39780@tornado.ohiordc.rr.com>:


"The Ghost In The Machine" <ewill@sirius.tg00suus7038.net> wrote

in

message

news:8jafs2-bt7.ln1@sirius.tg00suus7038.net...

In sci.physics, kenseto
<

>
wrote
on Sat, 06 Aug 2005 15:57:11 GMT
<r55Je.49793$zY4.32452@tornado.ohiordc.rr.com>:


"The Ghost In The Machine" <ewill@sirius.tg00suus7038.net>

wrote

in

message

news:o5kds2-3cl.ln1@sirius.tg00suus7038.net...

In sci.physics, kenseto
<

>
wrote
on Fri, 05 Aug 2005 16:14:15 GMT
<rfMIe.45513$B52.40932@tornado.ohiordc.rr.com>:


"The Ghost In The Machine" <ewill@sirius.tg00suus7038.net>

wrote

in

message

news:dqh8s2-hkj.ln1@sirius.tg00suus7038.net...

In sci.physics,


<
>
wrote
on 3 Aug 2005 11:52:49 -0700
<1123095169.862437.241090@g14g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>:

Why should I? The ratio for the incoming light is Fab/Faa. The ratio

for

the

difference of the speed of the incoming light is (Faa-Fab)/Faa.


And you can't, I take it, express this as an equation in
c, v, and lambda?


Sigh....c=Faa*lambda
v=Lambda(Faa-Fab)


I wanted Fab expressed in terms of Faa, v, and lambda.


Fab is a measured quantity so there is no need to express
it in terms of v and c. BTW how do you measure v?

Fab is a *predicted* quantity as well, or should be.
As for measuring v, try this one. A sits on a rod of
known length, moving with him. He has a small mirror on
the trailing endpoint. O has a beacon that continuously
shines. A measures t, the time it takes for the rod to
move over the beacon (as observed by him, using the mirror;
during the entire time he is sitting on the advancing end).
Now A can compute the velocity relative to O's beacon very easily:
v = L / (t - L/c)
where L is the length of the rod, as measured by A. (Since the rod
is motionless with respect to A he can measure it without difficulty.)
There is, of course, the assumption that lightspeed is c everywhere,
but that's why this works.


Ken Seto


--
#191,

It's still legal to go .sigless.
.
User: "kenseto"

Title: Re: Doppler shift is evidence for varying speed of light. 12 Aug 2005 09:10:11 AM
"The Ghost In The Machine" <ewill@sirius.tg00suus7038.net> wrote in message
news:ecits2-ul3.ln1@sirius.tg00suus7038.net...

In sci.physics, kenseto
<

>
wrote
on Thu, 11 Aug 2005 14:36:17 GMT
<BnJKe.55343$B52.16862@tornado.ohiordc.rr.com>:


"The Ghost In The Machine" <ewill@sirius.tg00suus7038.net> wrote in

message

news:tdvqs2-8ih.ln1@sirius.tg00suus7038.net...

In sci.physics, kenseto
<

>
wrote
on Wed, 10 Aug 2005 13:59:52 GMT
<sLnKe.66109$yC5.35098@tornado.ohiordc.rr.com>:


"The Ghost In The Machine" <ewill@sirius.tg00suus7038.net> wrote in

message

news:v4vms2-les.ln1@sirius.tg00suus7038.net...

In sci.physics.relativity, kenseto
<

>
wrote
on Tue, 09 Aug 2005 14:37:32 GMT
<Mc3Ke.50489$B52.10284@tornado.ohiordc.rr.com>:


"The Ghost In The Machine" <ewill@sirius.tg00suus7038.net> wrote

in

message

news:cm3is2-cvo.ln1@sirius.tg00suus7038.net...

In sci.physics.relativity, kenseto
<

>
wrote
on Sun, 07 Aug 2005 17:09:15 GMT
<%erJe.65399$yC5.39780@tornado.ohiordc.rr.com>:


"The Ghost In The Machine" <ewill@sirius.tg00suus7038.net>

wrote

in

message

news:8jafs2-bt7.ln1@sirius.tg00suus7038.net...

In sci.physics, kenseto
<

>
wrote
on Sat, 06 Aug 2005 15:57:11 GMT
<r55Je.49793$zY4.32452@tornado.ohiordc.rr.com>:


"The Ghost In The Machine" <ewill@sirius.tg00suus7038.net>

wrote

in

message

news:o5kds2-3cl.ln1@sirius.tg00suus7038.net...

In sci.physics, kenseto
<

>
wrote
on Fri, 05 Aug 2005 16:14:15 GMT
<rfMIe.45513$B52.40932@tornado.ohiordc.rr.com>:


"The Ghost In The Machine"

<ewill@sirius.tg00suus7038.net>

wrote

in

message

news:dqh8s2-hkj.ln1@sirius.tg00suus7038.net...

In sci.physics,


<
>
wrote
on 3 Aug 2005 11:52:49 -0700
<1123095169.862437.241090@g14g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>:

Why should I? The ratio for the incoming light is Fab/Faa. The

ratio

for

the

difference of the speed of the incoming light is (Faa-Fab)/Faa.


And you can't, I take it, express this as an equation in
c, v, and lambda?


Sigh....c=Faa*lambda
v=Lambda(Faa-Fab)


I wanted Fab expressed in terms of Faa, v, and lambda.


Fab is a measured quantity so there is no need to express
it in terms of v and c. BTW how do you measure v?


Fab is a *predicted* quantity as well, or should be.

In IRT Fab is a measured quantity. That's why IRT is valid in all
environments....including gravity.


As for measuring v, try this one. A sits on a rod of
known length, moving with him. He has a small mirror on
the trailing endpoint. O has a beacon that continuously
shines. A measures t, the time it takes for the rod to
move over the beacon (as observed by him, using the mirror;
during the entire time he is sitting on the advancing end).

The mirror has a delay time. So you are not measuring the true relative
velocity. BTW do you perform your procedure if the object is a distance away
and not moving parallel to A's rod?


Now A can compute the velocity relative to O's beacon very easily:

v = L / (t - L/c)

where L is the length of the rod, as measured by A. (Since the rod
is motionless with respect to A he can measure it without difficulty.)

There is, of course, the assumption that lightspeed is c everywhere,
but that's why this works.

That's the problem you assumed that the incoming light from O is moving at a
constant c.
Ken Seto
.
User: "Sam Wormley"

Title: Re: Doppler shift is evidence for varying speed of light. 12 Aug 2005 09:59:26 AM
kenseto wrote:


That's the problem you assumed that the incoming light from O is moving at a
constant c.

Measurement of light speed in the past have confirmed A. Einstein's
hypothesis that c is a constant of nature. And now c is a *defined*
constant. Of course, the incoming light from O is moving at the
constant c. This is empirically correct!
.
User: "The Ghost In The Machine"

Title: Re: Doppler shift is evidence for varying speed of light. 12 Aug 2005 09:00:07 PM
In sci.physics, Sam Wormley
<swormley1@mchsi.com>
wrote
on Fri, 12 Aug 2005 14:59:26 GMT
<iP2Le.242996$x96.139555@attbi_s72>:

kenseto wrote:


That's the problem you assumed that the incoming light from O is moving at a
constant c.


Measurement of light speed in the past have confirmed A. Einstein's
hypothesis that c is a constant of nature. And now c is a *defined*
constant. Of course, the incoming light from O is moving at the
constant c. This is empirically correct!

No, they have *not* confirmed his hypothesis. They've merely failed
to disprove it. :-) It's a subtle difference -- and certainly such
measurements *have* disproved the hypothesis that c' = c+v.
I think one of your references mentions that c' = c+kv suggests that
abs(k) < 10^-9, but I can't remember which one -- which probably
tells you how my mind works. :-)
But never mind; the assumption is a very valid one, with one caveat.
In GR, it appears that one has to be careful, though the error is
probably on the order of at most a few parts per billion (10^-9) for
any reasonable Earthbound measurement one can think of from shore
to spacecraft.
After all, we know that clock time runs faster from a GPS satellite
than on Earth -- the factor is about 4.4647 * 10^-10. That means
that measurement lengths differ as well, though that's far harder
to verify.
A TWLS experiment such as the following, assuming one can
have a satellite that's absolutely still:
Earth * ------------------------------------------- o satellite
may very well measure something differing from c, simply
because space is not inertial and the ticks near Earth
will be (very slightly) closer together than the ticks near
the satellite. However, the error will be far less than
Newton would want, and certainly is ignorable for casual
computations.
I unfortunately can't calculate this particular issue very well,
and in any event, if it's possible to do an *instantaneous*
measurement of lightspeed anywhere along the light's path
somehow, the speed will be a constant c. It's only because
the assumed uniform ticks between one part of the light
measurement apparatus and the other are a smidge different
in length if one orients it pointing "up" that causes this
discrepancy -- and I for one don't know if it can ever
be measured properly.
--
#191,

It's still legal to go .sigless.
.
User: "Androcles Androcles@ MyPlace.org"

Title: Re: Doppler shift is evidence for varying speed of light. 12 Aug 2005 09:47:58 PM
"The Ghost In The Machine" <ewill@sirius.tg00suus7038.net> wrote in
message news:62vvs2-7gj.ln1@sirius.tg00suus7038.net...
| In sci.physics, Sam Wormley
| <swormley1@mchsi.com>
| wrote
| on Fri, 12 Aug 2005 14:59:26 GMT
| <iP2Le.242996$x96.139555@attbi_s72>:
| > kenseto wrote:
| >>
| >> That's the problem you assumed that the incoming light from O is
moving at a
| >> constant c.
| >>
| >
| > Measurement of light speed in the past have confirmed A.
Einstein's
| > hypothesis that c is a constant of nature. And now c is a
*defined*
| > constant. Of course, the incoming light from O is moving at the
| > constant c. This is empirically correct!
|
| No, they have *not* confirmed his hypothesis. They've merely failed
| to disprove it. :-) It's a subtle difference -- and certainly such
| measurements *have* disproved the hypothesis that c' = c+v.
You have no idea what a proof is, Ghost, and refuse to respond to
anything that disagrees with your own stupid point of view.
Androcles
| I think one of your references mentions that c' = c+kv suggests that
| abs(k) < 10^-9, but I can't remember which one -- which probably
| tells you how my mind works. :-)
|
| But never mind; the assumption is a very valid one, with one caveat.
| In GR, it appears that one has to be careful, though the error is
| probably on the order of at most a few parts per billion (10^-9) for
| any reasonable Earthbound measurement one can think of from shore
| to spacecraft.
|
| After all, we know that clock time runs faster from a GPS satellite
| than on Earth -- the factor is about 4.4647 * 10^-10. That means
| that measurement lengths differ as well, though that's far harder
| to verify.
|
| A TWLS experiment such as the following, assuming one can
| have a satellite that's absolutely still:
|
| Earth * ------------------------------------------- o satellite
|
| may very well measure something differing from c, simply
| because space is not inertial and the ticks near Earth
| will be (very slightly) closer together than the ticks near
| the satellite. However, the error will be far less than
| Newton would want, and certainly is ignorable for casual
| computations.
|
| I unfortunately can't calculate this particular issue very well,
| and in any event, if it's possible to do an *instantaneous*
| measurement of lightspeed anywhere along the light's path
| somehow, the speed will be a constant c. It's only because
| the assumed uniform ticks between one part of the light
| measurement apparatus and the other are a smidge different
| in length if one orients it pointing "up" that causes this
| discrepancy -- and I for one don't know if it can ever
| be measured properly.
|
| --
| #191,

| It's still legal to go .sigless.
.
User: "The Ghost In The Machine"

Title: Re: Doppler shift is evidence for varying speed of light. 13 Aug 2005 12:00:06 AM
In sci.physics, Androcles
<Androcles@MyPlace.org>
wrote
on Sat, 13 Aug 2005 02:47:58 GMT
<ybdLe.3033$le3.78@fe1.news.blueyonder.co.uk>:


"The Ghost In The Machine" <ewill@sirius.tg00suus7038.net> wrote in
message news:62vvs2-7gj.ln1@sirius.tg00suus7038.net...
| In sci.physics, Sam Wormley
| <swormley1@mchsi.com>
| wrote
| on Fri, 12 Aug 2005 14:59:26 GMT
| <iP2Le.242996$x96.139555@attbi_s72>:
| > kenseto wrote:
| >>
| >> That's the problem you assumed that the incoming light from O is
moving at a
| >> constant c.
| >>
| >
| > Measurement of light speed in the past have confirmed A.
Einstein's
| > hypothesis that c is a constant of nature. And now c is a
*defined*
| > constant. Of course, the incoming light from O is moving at the
| > constant c. This is empirically correct!
|
| No, they have *not* confirmed his hypothesis. They've merely failed
| to disprove it. :-) It's a subtle difference -- and certainly such
| measurements *have* disproved the hypothesis that c' = c+v.

You have no idea what a proof is, Ghost, and refuse to respond to
anything that disagrees with your own stupid point of view.
Androcles

You have, of course, disproven SR and GR, I take it.
Congratulations.
Submit it to a review board and that Nobel should be yours, in
about 2 decades or so, once everyone recognizes your work.
Don't forget the data and the procedures, and I'm sure
someone will contact you regarding textbook royalties,
probably around the start of the Fall 2006 school year.
Can't rush these things, really. You might sign it
"future Nobel Prize awardee Androcles" or some such.
In any event, SR can never be proven. Why? Because in
its fundamental hypothesis there's an exhaustive search:
that the lightspeed of c is constant *everywhere* in the
Universe, no matter what source and what destination.
Impossibility squared. Perhaps to the fourth power,
as the coordinates of motion are also in there as well.
But it can easily be disproven. All one really need do is
perform an experiment that shows results differing from
one of its predictions. For example, H. Wilson's
"light race" experiments would do just fine, if
conducted correctly. Gravity Probe B results should be
interesting either way (apparently GR predicts a torque
transference of some sort). Uncle Al's chirality/crystallity
results I'm not equipped to judge, but might disprove a rather
esoteric GR subpoint. Sitter's results might be useful.
MMX, were it to show a result, would disprove SR or GR handily.
And it *should* show a result (Sagnac), just not the result
predicted by the rigid luminferous aether.
c' = c+v can be similarly disproven. There's at least one
experiment that purports to do such; it involves decaying
pi mesons traveling at about 0.2 c, and a lightspeed trap.
A more subtle but easier to measure approach involves Compton
scattering; briefly put, SR has different rules regarding
particle mechanics than Newtonian QM. These differences can
presumably be measured.
--
#191,

It's still legal to go .sigless.
.
User: "Androcles Androcles@ MyPlace.org"

Title: Re: Doppler shift is evidence for varying speed of light. 13 Aug 2005 04:30:20 AM
"The Ghost In The Machine" <ewill@sirius.tg00suus7038.net> wrote in
message news:nga0t2-0cb.ln1@sirius.tg00suus7038.net...
| In sci.physics, Androcles
| <Androcles@MyPlace.org>
| wrote
| on Sat, 13 Aug 2005 02:47:58 GMT
| <ybdLe.3033$le3.78@fe1.news.blueyonder.co.uk>:
| >
| > "The Ghost In The Machine" <ewill@sirius.tg00suus7038.net> wrote in
| > message news:62vvs2-7gj.ln1@sirius.tg00suus7038.net...
| > | In sci.physics, Sam Wormley
| > | <swormley1@mchsi.com>
| > | wrote
| > | on Fri, 12 Aug 2005 14:59:26 GMT
| > | <iP2Le.242996$x96.139555@attbi_s72>:
| > | > kenseto wrote:
| > | >>
| > | >> That's the problem you assumed that the incoming light from O
is
| > moving at a
| > | >> constant c.
| > | >>
| > | >
| > | > Measurement of light speed in the past have confirmed A.
| > Einstein's
| > | > hypothesis that c is a constant of nature. And now c is a
| > *defined*
| > | > constant. Of course, the incoming light from O is moving at
the
| > | > constant c. This is empirically correct!
| > |
| > | No, they have *not* confirmed his hypothesis. They've merely
failed
| > | to disprove it. :-) It's a subtle difference -- and certainly
such
| > | measurements *have* disproved the hypothesis that c' = c+v.
| >
| > You have no idea what a proof is, Ghost, and refuse to respond to
| > anything that disagrees with your own stupid point of view.
| > Androcles
| >
|
| You have, of course, disproven SR and GR, I take it.
| Congratulations.
Thank you.
Now that you recognise that, what the ***** are you rambling on
about measurements *have* disproved the hypothesis that c' = c+v,
you half-witted lunatic?
| Submit it to a review board and that Nobel should be yours, in
| about 2 decades or so, once everyone recognizes your work.
| Don't forget the data and the procedures, and I'm sure
| someone will contact you regarding textbook royalties,
| probably around the start of the Fall 2006 school year.
| Can't rush these things, really. You might sign it
| "future Nobel Prize awardee Androcles" or some such.
|
| In any event, SR can never be proven. Why? Because in
| its fundamental hypothesis there's an exhaustive search:
| that the lightspeed of c is constant *everywhere* in the
| Universe, no matter what source and what destination.
You don't know what a hypothesis is, you don't know what
a postulate is and you don't know what a definition is.
Nor do you know how the cuckoo transformations were
derived.
All in all, you are an ignorant, non-thinking, refuse-to-listen bigot.
| Impossibility squared. Perhaps to the fourth power,
| as the coordinates of motion are also in there as well.
|
| But it can easily be disproven. All one really need do is
| perform an experiment that shows results differing from
| one of its predictions.
In our frame of reference, the measured life span if a muon
is 2.2 microseconds.
In our frame of reference, the measured distance to the origin
of muons is 100km, ground to upper atmosphere.
By our definition of speed, v = 100000/0.0000022 m/s.
In our frame of reference, the speed of muons is 150c.
All in all, you are an ignorant, non-thinking, refuse-to-listen bigot.
For example, H. Wilson's
| "light race" experiments would do just fine, if
| conducted correctly. Gravity Probe B results should be
| interesting either way (apparently GR predicts a torque
| transference of some sort). Uncle Al's chirality/crystallity
| results I'm not equipped to judge, but might disprove a rather
| esoteric GR subpoint. Sitter's results might be useful.
|
| MMX, were it to show a result, would disprove SR or GR handily.
| And it *should* show a result (Sagnac), just not the result
| predicted by the rigid luminferous aether.
|
| c' = c+v can be similarly disproven. There's at least one
| experiment that purports to do such; it involves decaying
| pi mesons traveling at about 0.2 c, and a lightspeed trap.
|
| A more subtle but easier to measure approach involves Compton
| scattering; briefly put, SR has different rules regarding
| particle mechanics than Newtonian QM. These differences can
| presumably be measured.
All you need to understand is v = x/t.
Case proven, SR and GR which depends on it is your religion,
not a science.
Androcles.
.
User: "RP"

Title: Re: Doppler shift is evidence for varying speed of light. 13 Aug 2005 10:39:32 AM
Androcles wrote:

"The Ghost In The Machine" <ewill@sirius.tg00suus7038.net> wrote in
message news:nga0t2-0cb.ln1@sirius.tg00suus7038.net...
| In sci.physics, Androcles
| <Androcles@MyPlace.org>
| wrote
| on Sat, 13 Aug 2005 02:47:58 GMT
| <ybdLe.3033$le3.78@fe1.news.blueyonder.co.uk>:
| >
| > "The Ghost In The Machine" <ewill@sirius.tg00suus7038.net> wrote in
| > message news:62vvs2-7gj.ln1@sirius.tg00suus7038.net...
| > | In sci.physics, Sam Wormley
| > | <swormley1@mchsi.com>
| > | wrote
| > | on Fri, 12 Aug 2005 14:59:26 GMT
| > | <iP2Le.242996$x96.139555@attbi_s72>:
| > | > kenseto wrote:
| > | >>
| > | >> That's the problem you assumed that the incoming light from O
is
| > moving at a
| > | >> constant c.
| > | >>
| > | >
| > | > Measurement of light speed in the past have confirmed A.
| > Einstein's
| > | > hypothesis that c is a constant of nature. And now c is a
| > *defined*
| > | > constant. Of course, the incoming light from O is moving at
the
| > | > constant c. This is empirically correct!
| > |
| > | No, they have *not* confirmed his hypothesis. They've merely
failed
| > | to disprove it. :-) It's a subtle difference -- and certainly
such
| > | measurements *have* disproved the hypothesis that c' = c+v.
| >
| > You have no idea what a proof is, Ghost, and refuse to respond to
| > anything that disagrees with your own stupid point of view.
| > Androcles
| >
|
| You have, of course, disproven SR and GR, I take it.
| Congratulations.

Thank you.
Now that you recognise that, what the ***** are you rambling on
about measurements *have* disproved the hypothesis that c' = c+v,
you half-witted lunatic?



| Submit it to a review board and that Nobel should be yours, in
| about 2 decades or so, once everyone recognizes your work.
| Don't forget the data and the procedures, and I'm sure
| someone will contact you regarding textbook royalties,
| probably around the start of the Fall 2006 school year.
| Can't rush these things, really. You might sign it
| "future Nobel Prize awardee Androcles" or some such.
|
| In any event, SR can never be proven. Why? Because in
| its fundamental hypothesis there's an exhaustive search:
| that the lightspeed of c is constant *everywhere* in the
| Universe, no matter what source and what destination.

You don't know what a hypothesis is, you don't know what
a postulate is and you don't know what a definition is.
Nor do you know how the cuckoo transformations were
derived.
All in all, you are an ignorant, non-thinking, refuse-to-listen bigot.



| Impossibility squared. Perhaps to the fourth power,
| as the coordinates of motion are also in there as well.
|
| But it can easily be disproven. All one really need do is
| perform an experiment that shows results differing from
| one of its predictions.

In our frame of reference, the measured life span if a muon
is 2.2 microseconds.
In our frame of reference, the measured distance to the origin
of muons is 100km, ground to upper atmosphere.
By our definition of speed, v = 100000/0.0000022 m/s.
In our frame of reference, the speed of muons is 150c.

http://www.physlink.com/Education/AskExperts/ae611.cfm
No particle has ever been directly measured to travel at greater than c.
Direct measurement means two clocks connected to detectors along the
path of the particle. Particle passes detector1 at t1, particle passes
detector 2 at t2. D=RT
Your usual argument is that the source of these particles is at rest wrt
lab frame, which is an old argument of my own as well. The reasoning
being that with a particle moving at c wrt the source the em waves
intercepting the particle are infinitely red shifted wrt it, and thus
energyless. As it so happened, I discovered that this was actually one
of the very reasons for Einstein's proclamation that nothing can be
accelerated to greater than c, and so it is an argument in favor the
theory rather than in disfavor.
However, because of this playing out of light energy at c wrt the
source, the ballistic model of light that you cite, e.g. the one that
allows particle speeds of greater than c wrt lab frame, would require
the light (em energy) that accelerated it to propagate at greater than c
wrt lab frame. Thus in order to prove your argument, you need only prove
that light can propagate at greater than c wrt lab frame.
Now comes in the problem of measurement of one-way light-speed. This
endeavor becomes a bit ambiguous as Einstein cleverly outlined in the
section that you like to quote most often, and must inevitably be
defined in a circular manner. Einstein chose to define light speed as
constant for reasons of symmetry. Symmetry was a very good reason, and
since those days it has been applied successfully to many other areas.
Nature apparently does like symmetry, as does logic.
You are free to define light speed otherwise, but this doesn't make SR
incorrect, it simply makes it a different logical approach than yours.
OTOH, you don't really seem to have a consistent alternate model, best I
can tell from your postings. Lorentz did however, but mathematically it
is equivalent to SR.
While it is true that there were shortcomings of SR, GR was developed to
address them. The full theory has never been disproved experimentally, I
don't think its possible to do so because the definitions of the
measures are circular. And also any other model would have to provide
the same end results. Given two theories that both accurately predict
the final outcomes of experiments, which one would be correct? Answer:
Neither would be correct. Theories can be defined by such things as
*utility*, *accuracy*, and *representativeness*, while *correctness* in
this context is a purely philosophical/logical stance. A leap of faith.
Richard Perry

All in all, you are an ignorant, non-thinking, refuse-to-listen bigot.


For example, H. Wilson's
| "light race" experiments would do just fine, if
| conducted correctly. Gravity Probe B results should be
| interesting either way (apparently GR predicts a torque
| transference of some sort). Uncle Al's chirality/crystallity
| results I'm not equipped to judge, but might disprove a rather
| esoteric GR subpoint. Sitter's results might be useful.
|
| MMX, were it to show a result, would disprove SR or GR handily.
| And it *should* show a result (Sagnac), just not the result
| predicted by the rigid luminferous aether.
|
| c' = c+v can be similarly disproven. There's at least one
| experiment that purports to do such; it involves decaying
| pi mesons traveling at about 0.2 c, and a lightspeed trap.
|
| A more subtle but easier to measure approach involves Compton
| scattering; briefly put, SR has different rules regarding
| particle mechanics than Newtonian QM. These differences can
| presumably be measured.


All you need to understand is v = x/t.

Case proven, SR and GR which depends on it is your religion,
not a science.

Androcles.





.
User: "Androcles Androcles@ MyPlace.org"

Title: Re: Doppler shift is evidence for varying speed of light. 13 Aug 2005 12:37:31 PM
"RP" <no_mail_no_spam@yahoo.com> wrote in message
news:bvGdnWzCJJh_jmPfRVn-tA@centurytel.net...
|
|
| Androcles wrote:
| > "The Ghost In The Machine" <ewill@sirius.tg00suus7038.net> wrote in
| > message news:nga0t2-0cb.ln1@sirius.tg00suus7038.net...
| > | In sci.physics, Androcles
| > | <Androcles@MyPlace.org>
| > | wrote
| > | on Sat, 13 Aug 2005 02:47:58 GMT
| > | <ybdLe.3033$le3.78@fe1.news.blueyonder.co.uk>:
| > | >
| > | > "The Ghost In The Machine" <ewill@sirius.tg00suus7038.net> wrote
in
| > | > message news:62vvs2-7gj.ln1@sirius.tg00suus7038.net...
| > | > | In sci.physics, Sam Wormley
| > | > | <swormley1@mchsi.com>
| > | > | wrote
| > | > | on Fri, 12 Aug 2005 14:59:26 GMT
| > | > | <iP2Le.242996$x96.139555@attbi_s72>:
| > | > | > kenseto wrote:
| > | > | >>
| > | > | >> That's the problem you assumed that the incoming light from
O
| > is
| > | > moving at a
| > | > | >> constant c.
| > | > | >>
| > | > | >
| > | > | > Measurement of light speed in the past have confirmed A.
| > | > Einstein's
| > | > | > hypothesis that c is a constant of nature. And now c is a
| > | > *defined*
| > | > | > constant. Of course, the incoming light from O is moving
at
| > the
| > | > | > constant c. This is empirically correct!
| > | > |
| > | > | No, they have *not* confirmed his hypothesis. They've merely
| > failed
| > | > | to disprove it. :-) It's a subtle difference -- and certainly
| > such
| > | > | measurements *have* disproved the hypothesis that c' = c+v.
| > | >
| > | > You have no idea what a proof is, Ghost, and refuse to respond
to
| > | > anything that disagrees with your own stupid point of view.
| > | > Androcles
| > | >
| > |
| > | You have, of course, disproven SR and GR, I take it.
| > | Congratulations.
| >
| > Thank you.
| > Now that you recognise that, what the ***** are you rambling on
| > about measurements *have* disproved the hypothesis that c' = c+v,
| > you half-witted lunatic?
| >
| >
| >
| > | Submit it to a review board and that Nobel should be yours, in
| > | about 2 decades or so, once everyone recognizes your work.
| > | Don't forget the data and the procedures, and I'm sure
| > | someone will contact you regarding textbook royalties,
| > | probably around the start of the Fall 2006 school year.
| > | Can't rush these things, really. You might sign it
| > | "future Nobel Prize awardee Androcles" or some such.
| > |
| > | In any event, SR can never be proven. Why? Because in
| > | its fundamental hypothesis there's an exhaustive search:
| > | that the lightspeed of c is constant *everywhere* in the
| > | Universe, no matter what source and what destination.
| >
| > You don't know what a hypothesis is, you don't know what
| > a postulate is and you don't know what a definition is.
| > Nor do you know how the cuckoo transformations were
| > derived.
| > All in all, you are an ignorant, non-thinking, refuse-to-listen
bigot.
| >
| >
| >
| > | Impossibility squared. Perhaps to the fourth power,
| > | as the coordinates of motion are also in there as well.
| > |
| > | But it can easily be disproven. All one really need do is
| > | perform an experiment that shows results differing from
| > | one of its predictions.
| >
| > In our frame of reference, the measured life span if a muon
| > is 2.2 microseconds.
| > In our frame of reference, the measured distance to the origin
| > of muons is 100km, ground to upper atmosphere.
| > By our definition of speed, v = 100000/0.0000022 m/s.
| > In our frame of reference, the speed of muons is 150c.
|
| http://www.physlink.com/Education/AskExperts/ae611.cfm
|
I dont need an expert to calculate v = x/t.
An 'ex' is a has-been and a 'spirt' is a drip.
"should not have time to reach the Earth's surface given there speed and
travel distance."
but they DO.
Your expert is a phuckwit.
| No particle has ever been directly measured to travel at greater than
c.
| Direct measurement means two clocks connected to detectors along the
| path of the particle. Particle passes detector1 at t1, particle passes
| detector 2 at t2. D=RT
|
We don't need two detectors on a drag strip to decide a race between
a photon and a cosmic muon. The muon wins every time, directly
measured as 100km/0.0000022s versus 100km/ 0.0033s.
Maybe your expert forgot to time-dilate the photon. He's certainly a
phuckwit.
| Your usual argument is that the source of these particles is at rest
wrt
| lab frame, which is an old argument of my own as well.
I'm not responsible for other people's stupidity.
Dilate the time of the photon as well. The muon still wins on a level
playing field, rooting for your team doesn't mean your team wins.
| The reasoning
| being that with a particle moving at c wrt the source the em waves
| intercepting the particle are infinitely red shifted wrt it, and thus
| energyless.
Your photon will be out of breath when it gets to the finish line,
totally energyless, 150 lifetimes late and a $150 shy. It won't be able
to pay for the scintillation fireworks. Pay up or retire, you backed
the wrong horse, I win.
| As it so happened, I discovered that this was actually one
| of the very reasons for Einstein's proclamation that nothing can be
| accelerated to greater than c, and so it is an argument in favor the
| theory rather than in disfavor.
Einstein's proclamation was:
[quote]
we establish by definition that the "time" required by light to travel
from A to B equals the "time" it requires to travel from B to A.
[end quote]
Ref: http://www.fourmilab.ch/etexts/einstein/specrel/www/
He should have said
we establish by definition that the "time" required by SOUND to
travel from A to B equals the "time" it requires to travel from B to A.
Then all the time dilation nonsense would have been over when
Chuck Yeager flew X1.
http://www.centennialofflight.gov/essay/Explorers_Record_Setters_and_Daredevils/yeager/EX30.htm|
Muons break the light barrier as Yeager broke the sound barrier,
we can see the lumic boom in the aurora, a.k.a. Cherenkov radiation.
| However, because of this playing out of light energy at c wrt the
| source, the ballistic model of light that you cite, e.g. the one that
| allows particle speeds of greater than c wrt lab frame, would require
| the light (em energy) that accelerated it to propagate at greater than
c
| wrt lab frame. Thus in order to prove your argument, you need only
prove
| that light can propagate at greater than c wrt lab frame.
*****. I'm not slowing anything down in a lab.
Cepheids, recurrent novae, so called "eclipsing binaries", flare stars,
cosmic muons, aurora, Cherenkov radiation, all are observed and all
comply with Galilean relativity.
Einstein's definition and the math he derived from it isn't physics,
it's
a hoax. You've been taken for a ride up the garden path to see the
fairies
that you think are there. There are no fairies at the bottom of my yard
and I don't even like fairy tales. Harry Potter is much better.
|
| Now comes in the problem of measurement of one-way light-speed.
It's an even bigger problem to measure the one-way muon speed.
We might have to use v = x/t.
| This
| endeavor becomes a bit ambiguous as Einstein cleverly outlined in the
| section that you like to quote most often, and must inevitably be
| defined in a circular manner.
Of course it is circular, and that alone invalidates it mathematically.
He's forced to use c+v, c-v, that should end it, I accept that.
But then he applies his non-linear function
½[tau(0,0,0,t)+tau(0,0,0,t+x'/(c-v)+x'/(c+v))] = tau(x',0,0,t+x'/(c-v))
with the ½ to fit his definition and then LIES that the function is
linear.
"In the first place it is clear that the equations must be linear on
account of the properties of homogeneity which we attribute to space
and time."
It isn't linear.
Doubling both sides:
tau(0,0,0,t)+tau(0,0,0,t+x'/(c-v)+x'/(c+v)) = 2 * tau(x',0,0,t+x'/(c-v))
Taking out the t for 3:00pm on a Friday afternoon:
tau(0,0,0,0)+tau(0,0,0,x'/(c-v)+x'/(c+v)) = 2 * tau(x',0,0,x'/(c-v))
Synchronize clocks at t = 0, we can remove tau(0,0,0,0)+
tau(0,0,0,x'/(c-v)+x'/(c+v)) = 2 * tau(x',0,0,x'/(c-v))
Taking x' as infinitessimally small, as he says
tau(0,0,0,x'/(c-v)+x'/(c+v)) = 2 * tau(0,0,0,x'/(c-v))
Removing the superflous coordinates:
tau(x'/(c-v)+x'/(c+v)) = 2 * tau(x'/(c-v))
Setting the time a = x'/(c-v) and b =x'/(c+v)
tau(a+b) = 2*tau(a)
Renaming tau as f,
f(a+b) = 2f(a)
Now tell me that's a linear function, a > b.
You've been had.
SR is a deliberate, mischievious hoax.
Einstein chose to define light speed as
| constant for reasons of symmetry. Symmetry was a very good reason, and
| since those days it has been applied successfully to many other areas.
| Nature apparently does like symmetry, as does logic.
|
| You are free to define light speed otherwise, but this doesn't make SR
| incorrect, it simply makes it a different logical approach than yours.
How many logical approaches are there, Perry?
f(1+3)/2 = f(1) isn't logical, its nonsense.
| OTOH, you don't really seem to have a consistent alternate model, best
I
| can tell from your postings.
Then the best you can tell isn't good enough. v = x/t.
Lorentz did however, but mathematically
it
| is equivalent to SR.
Ok, so the phuckwit Lorentz thinks f(1+3)/2 = f(1) as well.
|
| While it is true that there were shortcomings of SR, GR was developed
to
| address them.
Oh *****, that stupid gamma appears in GR as well.
| The full theory has never been disproved experimentally,
Nobody has disproved fairies at the bottom of garden either.
The burden of proof is upon the claimant, and Einstein fails to prove.
He doesn't fail to hoax, though.
This is physics and mathematics, the rules of proof are stringent.
The only lesson relativity can teach you is how gullible you are,
and few people want to admit that. They'd rather bluster and
compound their foolishness. I was taken in at first, too. I'll
admit it. I passed my exams and believed. I gave up physics
because I thought I was too stupid to understand it, and became
an engineer instead. A very successful one. Now I'm retired,
I can go back and find the truth. I was conned. Too bad, but
I don't have to let others be taken in as well. We should all learn
from our mistakes.
| I
| don't think its possible to do so because the definitions of the
| measures are circular. And also any other model would have to provide
| the same end results. Given two theories that both accurately predict
| the final outcomes of experiments, which one would be correct? Answer:
| Neither would be correct. Theories can be defined by such things as
| *utility*, *accuracy*, and *representativeness*, while *correctness*
in
| this context is a purely philosophical/logical stance. A leap of
faith.
|
| Richard Perry
Is criminology a philosophy? Is it wrong to tell the victim of a crime
that he's bloody fool for leaving the doors wide open, he should have
been more careful?
Well, you've been told. It's up to you if want to be robbed of real
physics by a thief and charlatan with a pleasant, innocent looking smile
on his face and a good story line.
Androcles
.
User: "PD"

Title: Re: Doppler shift is evidence for varying speed of light. 15 Aug 2005 12:55:14 PM
Androcles wrote:
[snip]

We don't need two detectors on a drag strip to decide a race between
a photon and a cosmic muon. The muon wins every time, directly
measured as 100km/0.0000022s versus 100km/ 0.0033s.
Maybe your expert forgot to time-dilate the photon. He's certainly a
phuckwit.

Which explains why the protons and muons from a solar flare *always*
arrive at the Earth minutes before we see it. *Always*, without
exception.
Uh, wait, no I guess that's backwards, the protons and muons always
arrive *after* we see a solar flare. Sorry.

Androcles

PD
.
User: "Androcles Androcles@ MyPlace.org"

Title: Re: Doppler shift is evidence for varying speed of light. 15 Aug 2005 01:31:08 PM
"PD" <TheDraperFamily@gmail.com> wrote in message
news:1124128514.155544.127100@f14g2000cwb.googlegroups.com...
|
| Androcles wrote:
| [snip]
| > We don't need two detectors on a drag strip to decide a race between
| > a photon and a cosmic muon. The muon wins every time, directly
| > measured as 100km/0.0000022s versus 100km/ 0.0033s.
| > Maybe your expert forgot to time-dilate the photon. He's certainly a
| > phuckwit.
| >
|
| Which explains why the protons and muons from a solar flare *always*
| arrive at the Earth minutes before we see it. *Always*, without
| exception.
| Uh, wait, no I guess that's backwards, the protons and muons always
| arrive *after* we see a solar flare. Sorry.
|
I've seen horse races end in a photo-finish when it has been quite
clear which horse was going the fastest as they crossed the finish line,
although the photograph doesn't supply that information.
Perhaps you were at the solar starting gate and can tell us which
left first, the photon or the proton?
What does PD stand for, Phucking Dunce?
Androcles.
.

User: "The Ghost In The Machine"

Title: Re: Doppler shift is evidence for varying speed of light. 16 Aug 2005 12:00:06 AM
In sci.physics, PD
<TheDraperFamily@gmail.com>
wrote
on 15 Aug 2005 10:55:14 -0700
<1124128514.155544.127100@f14g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>:


Androcles wrote:
[snip]

We don't need two detectors on a drag strip to decide a race between
a photon and a cosmic muon. The muon wins every time, directly
measured as 100km/0.0000022s versus 100km/ 0.0033s.
Maybe your expert forgot to time-dilate the photon. He's certainly a
phuckwit.


Which explains why the protons and muons from a solar flare *always*
arrive at the Earth minutes before we see it. *Always*, without
exception.
Uh, wait, no I guess that's backwards, the protons and muons always
arrive *after* we see a solar flare. Sorry.

Three (or four) words: heavy-ion momentum transfer.
Not that that makes much more sense than superluminal
muons; the Sun's primary solar wind components will be
from a hydrogen plasma, which means protons and electrons.
The first element with an average atomic weight of 150 or
more is samarium (lanthanoid, atomic number 62, atomic weight 150.36).
There's another problem; muon rays do not come from
the solar wind -- at least, AFAIK.
Still, if one assumes superluminal muons one would think
that stars wouldn't have that much trouble generating them
while they shine brightly.
Except that we've never seen them from old Sol.


Androcles


PD

--
#191,

It's still legal to go .sigless.
.
User: "Androcles Androcles@ MyPlace.org"

Title: Re: Doppler shift is evidence for varying speed of light. 16 Aug 2005 06:42:53 AM
"The Ghost In The Machine" <ewill@sirius.tg00suus7038.net> wrote in
message news:8978t2-d3f.ln1@sirius.tg00suus7038.net...
| In sci.physics, PD
| <TheDraperFamily@gmail.com>
| wrote
| on 15 Aug 2005 10:55:14 -0700
| <1124128514.155544.127100@f14g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>:
| >
| > Androcles wrote:
| > [snip]
| >> We don't need two detectors on a drag strip to decide a race
between
| >> a photon and a cosmic muon. The muon wins every time, directly
| >> measured as 100km/0.0000022s versus 100km/ 0.0033s.
| >> Maybe your expert forgot to time-dilate the photon. He's certainly
a
| >> phuckwit.
| >>
| >
| > Which explains why the protons and muons from a solar flare *always*
| > arrive at the Earth minutes before we see it. *Always*, without
| > exception.
| > Uh, wait, no I guess that's backwards, the protons and muons always
| > arrive *after* we see a solar flare. Sorry.
|
| Three (or four) words: heavy-ion momentum transfer.
| Not that that makes much more sense than superluminal
| muons; the Sun's primary solar wind components will be
| from a hydrogen plasma, which means protons and electrons.
| The first element with an average atomic weight of 150 or
| more is samarium (lanthanoid, atomic number 62, atomic weight 150.36).
|
| There's another problem; muon rays do not come from
| the solar wind -- at least, AFAIK.
|
| Still, if one assumes superluminal muons one would think
| that stars wouldn't have that much trouble generating them
| while they shine brightly.
|
| Except that we've never seen them from old Sol.
Don't let Draper try to side-track you, you are smarter than he is.
There is nothing extraordinary about superluminal muons, anymore
than there is about the Earth moving.
What we are dealing with here is psychology, not physics.
When Galileo was muttering "But yet it moves", referring to the Earth
in orbit, he faced a population that refused to accept it, it was just
too incredible. Today we teach children from the start and they
find it incredible that anyone would have thought otherwise.
That's where we are today with Einstein. A couple of generations
have been taught Einstein's doctrine, so now it's incredible that
anything can outrace a photon.
If I said we establish by definition that the "time" required by a moun
to travel from A to B equals the "time" it requires to travel from B to
A
we'd have muon-based relativity, and it would be as stupid.
Take a look at the Cosmic Muon paper. The kid that wrote it
doesn't understand simple math anyway.
To see why, use the 32 unit long train travelling at 0.6c.
the speed of light is 5 units a usecs, so each car of the train
is 60 meters long.
By the equations, the light goes from the back of the train
to the front in 8 seconds, then 8 seconds back again, total
16 seconds.
In the trackside frame, it takes 16 seconds there and 4 seconds back,
Einstein doesn't like that and we have
gamma = (8+8) / (16+4) = 0.8.
Now the light's speed is the same in both frames, except for the
contraction.
The train has to be length contracted from 40 cars to 32 cars,
because c = 40/8 = 5 in the train frame and 32/(c-v) = 16, 32/(c+v) =4
in the track frame, c = 5, and
gamma = 40/32 = 0.8.
Ok, now we apply that to the cosmic muon.
We see a contracted train from the track, we see contracted path
for the muon from the ground. The muon sees a path that is
greater, not shorter.
If gamma = 15 as the paper claims, the atmosphere in the frame of the
muon is 15 * 15 km, not 15km/15.
Gamma can dilate time and it can length contract distance,
but it cannot change v.
Nor are we allowed to say the speed of all motorcycles is 150 mph
because I measured the speed of motorcycles at one racetrack.
Androcles
.
User: "The Ghost In The Machine"

Title: Re: Doppler shift is evidence for varying speed of light. 16 Aug 2005 10:51:42 AM
In sci.physics, Androcles
<Androcles@MyPlace.org>
wrote
on Tue, 16 Aug 2005 11:42:53 GMT
<1jkMe.4203$Wq4.3314@fe1.news.blueyonder.co.uk>:


"The Ghost In The Machine" <ewill@sirius.tg00suus7038.net> wrote in
message news:8978t2-d3f.ln1@sirius.tg00suus7038.net...
| In sci.physics, PD
| <TheDraperFamily@gmail.com>
| wrote
| on 15 Aug 2005 10:55:14 -0700
| <1124128514.155544.127100@f14g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>:
| >
| > Androcles wrote:
| > [snip]
| >> We don't need two detectors on a drag strip to decide a race
between
| >> a photon and a cosmic muon. The muon wins every time, directly
| >> measured as 100km/0.0000022s versus 100km/ 0.0033s.
| >> Maybe your expert forgot to time-dilate the photon. He's certainly
a
| >> phuckwit.
| >>
| >
| > Which explains why the protons and muons from a solar flare *always*
| > arrive at the Earth minutes before we see it. *Always*, without
| > exception.
| > Uh, wait, no I guess that's backwards, the protons and muons always
| > arrive *after* we see a solar flare. Sorry.
|
| Three (or four) words: heavy-ion momentum transfer.
| Not that that makes much more sense than superluminal
| muons; the Sun's primary solar wind components will be
| from a hydrogen plasma, which means protons and electrons.
| The first element with an average atomic weight of 150 or
| more is samarium (lanthanoid, atomic number 62, atomic weight 150.36).
|
| There's another problem; muon rays do not come from
| the solar wind -- at least, AFAIK.
|
| Still, if one assumes superluminal muons one would think
| that stars wouldn't have that much trouble generating them
| while they shine brightly.
|
| Except that we've never seen them from old Sol.


Don't let Draper try to side-track you, you are smarter than he is.

There is nothing extraordinary about superluminal muons, anymore
than there is about the Earth moving.
What we are dealing with here is psychology, not physics.
When Galileo was muttering "But yet it moves", referring to the Earth
in orbit, he faced a population that refused to accept it, it was just
too incredible. Today we teach children from the start and they
find it incredible that anyone would have thought otherwise.
That's where we are today with Einstein. A couple of generations
have been taught Einstein's doctrine, so now it's incredible that
anything can outrace a photon.

If I said we establish by definition that the "time" required by a moun
to travel from A to B equals the "time" it requires to travel from B to
A
we'd have muon-based relativity, and it would be as stupid.

Take a look at the Cosmic Muon paper. The kid that wrote it
doesn't understand simple math anyway.

To see why, use the 32 unit long train travelling at 0.6c.
the speed of light is 5 units a usecs, so each car of the train
is 60 meters long.
By the equations, the light goes from the back of the train
to the front in 8 seconds, then 8 seconds back again, total
16 seconds.
In the trackside frame, it takes 16 seconds there and 4 seconds back,
Einstein doesn't like that and we have
gamma = (8+8) / (16+4) = 0.8.

Einstein can go blow a gasket. Ask the Universe!
Unless you want to conduct a seance.
As it is, the standard Lorentz gives events in a simple TWLS
on board (c=5):
E_A1 = (0,0)
E_A2 = (32, 6.4)
E_A3 = (0, 12.8)
which translates into the trackside frame:
E_O1 = (0,0)
E_O2 = ( (32 + 3*6.4) / 0.8, (6.4 + 3 * 32/25) / 0.8) = (64, 12.8)
E_O3 = ( (3*12.8) / 0.8, (12.8) / 0.8) = (48, 16)
A naive Newtonian trackside scientist fires a laser of
his own, traveling at c, and calculates several equations,
each representing a Newtonian x position of the train or
lightbeam, given t.
F_O1 = (0,0)
F_O2 = the solution to the equations 5t = 3t+32
= (48,16)
F_O3 = the solution to the equations -5(t-16)+48+32 = 3t or 160 = 8t
= (60,20)
A slightly more sophisticated scientist assumes a squish of 0.6
(1/gamma), and gets:
G_O1 = (0,0)
G_O2 = the solution to the equations 5t = 3t+19.2
= (28.8,9.6)
G_O3 = the solution to the equations -5(t-9.6)+28.8+19.2 = 3t or 96 = 8t
= (36,12)
An empirician affixes a mirror trackside at the location
x_O = 64 and asks a fellow scientist to observe it at t=0
(which is the same in both coordinate systems, if everyone
stands at the switch). The fellow scientist gives the
puzzling report that at t=0 the mirror is at the location
x_A = 106.667. The empirician shrugs it off as a light artifact.
All this according to SR. However, there's no way one can be
entirely sure of these numbers until one can somehow accelerate
a train to allow for it to circumnavigate the Earth 4 1/2
times a second. And then there's the issue that one is not
in SR, but is in Sagnac and/or GR space.

Now the light's speed is the same in both frames, except for the
contraction.
The train has to be length contracted from 40 cars to 32 cars,

Erm...the train has *expanded and twisted*. If the train at rest
is 32 cars in length, it will expand to 40 cars in motion, but
the endpoints will appear to be only 12.8 cars apart to the
trackside observer because the lightbeams aren't in synch.

because c = 40/8 = 5 in the train frame and 32/(c-v) = 16, 32/(c+v) =4
in the track frame, c = 5, and
gamma = 40/32 = 0.8.
Ok, now we apply that to the cosmic muon.
We see a contracted train from the track, we see contracted path
for the muon from the ground. The muon sees a path that is
greater, not shorter.
If gamma = 15 as the paper claims, the atmosphere in the frame of the
muon is 15 * 15 km, not 15km/15.
Gamma can dilate time and it can length contract distance,
but it cannot change v.

Nor are we allowed to say the speed of all motorcycles is 150 mph
because I measured the speed of motorcycles at one racetrack.

Not that it matters. The muon squashes the mosquito somewhere
near the fire hydrant, as the tree doesn't quite fit next to
the sidewalk. And everyone knows about the giraffes in the bathtub.


Androcles

--
#191,

It's still legal to go .sigless.
.
User: "Androcles Androcles@ MyPlace.org"

Title: Re: Doppler shift is evidence for varying speed of light. 16 Aug 2005 01:04:16 PM
"The Ghost In The Machine" <ewill@sirius.tg00suus7038.net> wrote in
message news:lnb9t2-bim.ln1@sirius.tg00suus7038.net...
| Einstein can go blow a gasket. Ask the Universe!
He did. He went totally cuckoo.
| Unless you want to conduct a seance.
I thought I was... Aren't you a ghost? :-)
|
| As it is, the standard Lorentz gives events in a simple TWLS
| on board (c=5):
|
| E_A1 = (0,0)
| E_A2 = (32, 6.4)
Err....
Where did you get 6.4 from?
x' = x-vt = 80 - 3*16 = 32, x being where the light meets
the front of the train in the track frame
because x = ct = 5*16 = 80
and the engine is at x=vt + x' = 3*16 +32 = 80
c-v = 5-3 = 2
c+v = 5+3 = 8
a = x'/(c-v) = 32/2 = 16.
b = x'/(c+v) = 32/8 = 4.
tau(0) = 0 (synchronize, by definition)
tau(a) = 8
tau(a+b) = 8+8
gamma = 1/ 0.8
| E_A3 = (0, 12.8)
|
| which translates into the trackside frame:
|
| E_O1 = (0,0)
| E_O2 = ( (32 + 3*6.4) / 0.8, (6.4 + 3 * 32/25) / 0.8) = (64, 12.8)
| E_O3 = ( (3*12.8) / 0.8, (12.8) / 0.8) = (48, 16)
Err...
E_O2 = (80, 16) trackside, (40,8) train.
E_O3 = (60, 20) trackside, (0,16) train.
This one is interesting. The light travelled from 0 past 60, reflected
at 80
and came back to 60, so the ***speed*** (not velocity) of light is
60/20 = 3.
We can't say velocity, it changed direction at 80 and velocity
has both magnitude and direction.
Hence the cuckoo gamma in this case is 1/sqrt(1 - 3^2/3^2),
which is 1/0 and undefined.
That's why you can get
E_O2 = (64, 12.8)
and I get
E_O2 = (80, 16)
and anyway muons can outrun photons so there, nah nah na nah na! :-)
(But don't tell Draper or McCullough, they'll go cuckoo and argue.)
Here it is algebraically:
½[tau(0,0,0,t)+tau(0,0,0,t+x'/(c-v)+x'/(c+v))] = tau(x',0,0,t+x'/(c-v))
(given)
Doubling both sides:
tau(0,0,0,t)+tau(0,0,0,t+x'/(c-v)+x'/(c+v)) = 2 * tau(x',0,0,t+x'/(c-v))
Taking out the t for 3:00pm on a Friday afternoon:
tau(0,0,0,0)+tau(0,0,0,x'/(c-v)+x'/(c+v)) = 2 * tau(x',0,0,x'/(c-v))
Synchronize clocks at t = 0, we remove tau(0,0,0,0)+
tau(0,0,0,x'/(c-v)+x'/(c+v)) = 2 * tau(x',0,0,x'/(c-v))
Taking coordinate x' as infinitessimally small, as he says,
you not quite realizing x' is both a coordinate and a distance,
he does that to differentiate, so we leave the distance alone,
dx/dt = x/t anyway with a constant velocity.
tau(0,0,0,x'/(c-v)+x'/(c+v)) = 2 * tau(0,0,0,x'/(c-v))
Removing the superflous coordinates, all zero:
tau(x'/(c-v)+x'/(c+v)) = 2 * tau(x'/(c-v))
Setting the time a = x'/(c-v) and b =x'/(c+v) for clarity
tau(a+b) = 2*tau(a)
Renaming tau as f,
f(a+b) = 2f(a) or
½f(a+b) = f(a)
Now tell me that's a linear function, a > b.
"In the first place it is clear that the equations must be linear
on account of the properties of homogeneity which we attribute to
space and time." -- Albert Phuckwit/Huckster Einstein.
In the second place tau is not a linear function. -- Androcles.
In the third place there are no coordinates to transform.
In the fourth place you've been had! (and not by me either)
| A naive Newtonian trackside scientist fires a laser of
| his own, traveling at c, and calculates several equations,
| each representing a Newtonian x position of the train or
| lightbeam, given t.
|
| F_O1 = (0,0)
| F_O2 = the solution to the equations 5t = 3t+32
| = (48,16)
| F_O3 = the solution to the equations -5(t-16)+48+32 = 3t or 160 = 8t
| = (60,20)
|
| A slightly more sophisticated scientist assumes a squish of 0.6
| (1/gamma), and gets:
|
| G_O1 = (0,0)
| G_O2 = the solution to the equations 5t = 3t+19.2
| = (28.8,9.6)
| G_O3 = the solution to the equations -5(t-9.6)+28.8+19.2 = 3t or 96 =
8t
| = (36,12)
|
| An empirician affixes a mirror trackside at the location
| x_O = 64 and asks a fellow scientist to observe it at t=0
| (which is the same in both coordinate systems, if everyone
| stands at the switch). The fellow scientist gives the
| puzzling report that at t=0 the mirror is at the location
| x_A = 106.667. The empirician shrugs it off as a light artifact.
|
| All this according to SR. However, there's no way one can be
| entirely sure of these numbers until one can somehow accelerate
| a train to allow for it to circumnavigate the Earth 4 1/2
| times a second. And then there's the issue that one is not
| in SR, but is in Sagnac and/or GR space.
|
| > Now the light's speed is the same in both frames, except for the
| > contraction.
| > The train has to be length contracted from 40 cars to 32 cars,
|
| Erm...the train has *expanded and twisted*. If the train at rest
| is 32 cars in length, it will expand to 40 cars in motion, but
| the endpoints will appear to be only 12.8 cars apart to the
| trackside observer because the lightbeams aren't in synch.
It's 40 cars long at rest, 32 cars (length contracted) when moving.
A rider on the train sees a speed of light 40/8 = 5.
A trackside observer sees 32 cars, speed of light 5,
0 to 80, 16 seconds.
x' = x-vt = 80-3*16 = 32.
The muon has further for the Earth to reach it as well.
Tell you what, make the train a corridor train, and let
the moun ride a motorcycle at 2 units /second on the train,
well below the speed of light on the train.
In the track frame it doesn't move going, and coming back
it matches the speed of light.
Have fun trying to match the muon's gamma to the train
and make it work for (w+v)/(1+uw/c^2)
|
| > because c = 40/8 = 5 in the train frame and 32/(c-v) = 16, 32/(c+v)
=4
| > in the track frame, c = 5, and
| > gamma = 40/32 = 0.8.
| > Ok, now we apply that to the cosmic muon.
| > We see a contracted train from the track, we see contracted path
| > for the muon from the ground. The muon sees a path that is
| > greater, not shorter.
| > If gamma = 15 as the paper claims, the atmosphere in the frame of
the
| > muon is 15 * 15 km, not 15km/15.
| > Gamma can dilate time and it can length contract distance,
| > but it cannot change v.
| >
| > Nor are we allowed to say the speed of all motorcycles is 150 mph
| > because I measured the speed of motorcycles at one racetrack.
|
| Not that it matters. The muon squashes the mosquito somewhere
| near the fire hydrant, as the tree doesn't quite fit next to
| the sidewalk. And everyone knows about the giraffes in the bathtub.
Einstein knew all about cuckoo clocks too.
Now.... what about that GPS system we all rely upon... eh?
Still, the US Navy's got plenty of money...
Androcles.
.
User: "The Ghost In The Machine"

Title: Re: Doppler shift is evidence for varying speed of light. 16 Aug 2005 10:52:04 PM
In sci.physics, Androcles
<Androcles@MyPlace.org>
wrote
on Tue, 16 Aug 2005 18:04:16 GMT
<AUpMe.18653$P.17005@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>:


"The Ghost In The Machine" <ewill@sirius.tg00suus7038.net> wrote in
message news:lnb9t2-bim.ln1@sirius.tg00suus7038.net...
| Einstein can go blow a gasket. Ask the Universe!

He did. He went totally cuckoo.

No he didn't. He took an MMX result and made a series of
assumptions. Fierce negation/criticism resulted at first,
but for some reason the military-industrial complex stepped
in and quelled the Newtonian Rebellion.
Or maybe it was just the issue of his being more or less right.
I can't say at this point.


| Unless you want to conduct a seance.
I thought I was... Aren't you a ghost? :-)
|
| As it is, the standard Lorentz gives events in a simple TWLS
| on board (c=5):
|
| E_A1 = (0,0)
| E_A2 = (32, 6.4)

Err....
Where did you get 6.4 from?

I may have misread your problem, but the 6.4 is from 32/5.
I assumed the length of the train *in its own space* was 32,
which was wrong.
I'll have to redo this problem properly at some point, and it's
quite obvious you won't accept the results anyway, since they
aren't "proper".
Ergo, I'll start a new thread.
[rest snipped]
--
#191,

It's still legal to go .sigless.
.
User: "Androcles Androcles@ MyPlace.org"

Title: Re: Doppler shift is evidence for varying speed of light. 17 Aug 2005 09:49:05 AM
"The Ghost In The Machine" <ewill@sirius.tg00suus7038.net> wrote in
message news:svmat2-adq.ln1@sirius.tg00suus7038.net...
| In sci.physics, Androcles
| <Androcles@MyPlace.org>
| wrote
| on Tue, 16 Aug 2005 18:04:16 GMT
| <AUpMe.18653$P.17005@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>:
| >
| > "The Ghost In The Machine" <ewill@sirius.tg00suus7038.net> wrote in
| > message news:lnb9t2-bim.ln1@sirius.tg00suus7038.net...
| > | Einstein can go blow a gasket. Ask the Universe!
| >
| > He did. He went totally cuckoo.
|
| No he didn't. He took an MMX result and made a series of
| assumptions. Fierce negation/criticism resulted at first,
| but for some reason the military-industrial complex stepped
| in and quelled the Newtonian Rebellion.
|
| Or maybe it was just the issue of his being more or less right.
| I can't say at this point.
The evidence is before you. Its up to you to digest it.
| >
| > | Unless you want to conduct a seance.
| > I thought I was... Aren't you a ghost? :-)
| > |
| > | As it is, the standard Lorentz gives events in a simple TWLS
| > | on board (c=5):
| > |
| > | E_A1 = (0,0)
| > | E_A2 = (32, 6.4)
| >
| > Err....
| > Where did you get 6.4 from?
|
| I may have misread your problem, but the 6.4 is from 32/5.
| I assumed the length of the train *in its own space* was 32,
| which was wrong.
Ok.
|
| I'll have to redo this problem properly at some point, and it's
| quite obvious you won't accept the results anyway, since they
| aren't "proper".
Sure I will, I'm a mathematician. I'll accept any argument
that is properly presented and a proof based on any
postulates and definitions if it is consistent.
As a physicist, however, the postulates and definitions
have to match Nature.
| Ergo, I'll start a new thread.
|
| [rest snipped]
Ok...
Androcles.
.








User: "The Ghost In The Machine"

Title: Re: Doppler shift is evidence for varying speed of light. 13 Aug 2005 12:00:04 PM
In sci.physics.relativity, RP
<no_mail_no_spam@yahoo.com>
wrote
on Sat, 13 Aug 2005 10:39:32 -0500
<bvGdnWzCJJh_jmPfRVn-tA@centurytel.net>:



Androcles wrote:

"The Ghost In The Machine" <ewill@sirius.tg00suus7038.net> wrote in
message news:nga0t2-0cb.ln1@sirius.tg00suus7038.net...
| In sci.physics, Androcles
| <Androcles@MyPlace.org>
| wrote
| on Sat, 13 Aug 2005 02:47:58 GMT
| <ybdLe.3033$le3.78@fe1.news.blueyonder.co.uk>:
| >
| > "The Ghost In The Machine" <ewill@sirius.tg00suus7038.net> wrote in
| > message news:62vvs2-7gj.ln1@sirius.tg00suus7038.net...
| > | In sci.physics, Sam Wormley
| > | <swormley1@mchsi.com>
| > | wrote
| > | on Fri, 12 Aug 2005 14:59:26 GMT
| > | <iP2Le.242996$x96.139555@attbi_s72>:
| > | > kenseto wrote:
| > | >>
| > | >> That's the problem you assumed that the incoming light from O
is
| > moving at a
| > | >> constant c.
| > | >>
| > | >
| > | > Measurement of light speed in the past have confirmed A.
| > Einstein's
| > | > hypothesis that c is a constant of nature. And now c is a
| > *defined*
| > | > constant. Of course, the incoming light from O is moving at
the
| > | > constant c. This is empirically correct!
| > |
| > | No, they have *not* confirmed his hypothesis. They've merely
failed
| > | to disprove it. :-) It's a subtle difference -- and certainly
such
| > | measurements *have* disproved the hypothesis that c' = c+v.
| >
| > You have no idea what a proof is, Ghost, and refuse to respond to
| > anything that disagrees with your own stupid point of view.
| > Androcles
| >
|
| You have, of course, disproven SR and GR, I take it.
| Congratulations.

Thank you.
Now that you recognise that, what the ***** are you rambling on
about measurements *have* disproved the hypothesis that c' = c+v,
you half-witted lunatic?



| Submit it to a review board and that Nobel should be yours, in
| about 2 decades or so, once everyone recognizes your work.
| Don't forget the data and the procedures, and I'm sure
| someone will contact you regarding textbook royalties,
| probably around the start of the Fall 2006 school year.
| Can't rush these things, really. You might sign it
| "future Nobel Prize awardee Androcles" or some such.
|
| In any event, SR can never be proven. Why? Because in
| its fundamental hypothesis there's an exhaustive search:
| that the lightspeed of c is constant *everywhere* in the
| Universe, no matter what source and what destination.

You don't know what a hypothesis is, you don't know what
a postulate is and you don't know what a definition is.
Nor do you know how the cuckoo transformations were
derived.
All in all, you are an ignorant, non-thinking, refuse-to-listen bigot.



| Impossibility squared. Perhaps to the fourth power,
| as the coordinates of motion are also in there as well.
|
| But it can easily be disproven. All one really need do is
| perform an experiment that shows results differing from
| one of its predictions.

In our frame of reference, the measured life span if a muon
is 2.2 microseconds.
In our frame of reference, the measured distance to the origin
of muons is 100km, ground to upper atmosphere.
By our definition of speed, v = 100000/0.0000022 m/s.
In our frame of reference, the speed of muons is 150c.


http://www.physlink.com/Education/AskExperts/ae611.cfm

No particle has ever been directly measured to travel at greater than c.
Direct measurement means two clocks connected to detectors along the
path of the particle. Particle passes detector1 at t1, particle passes
detector 2 at t2. D=RT

How do we know t1 and t2 are correctly specified? A typical
particle experiment, AFAICT, will have something along the
lines of the following:
beam --> []---------------------[]
d1 d2
*==========C==========*
where C is a clock midway from the detectors. This detection system
assumes space isotropy, though admittedly it's not that big of a
problem, especially if the entire experiment is rotatable.
Other possibilities include viewing the track in a magnetic field
using such things as a bubble chamber (this only works for
charged particles, of course); the curvature of the track
is a function of the velocity and the magnetic field strength.
Nowadays computer-driven light detectors are probably used at
such places as LHC, connected to samplers and the results
computer-analyzed in accordance with current theories,
taking into account things such as relativistic correction
of light photons from decaying particles.
LHC in particular doesn't do particle speeds directly;
it merely specifies a beam frequency. (The beam frequency
is consistent with protons moving at light or near-light
speed around the ring circumference.)
http://lhc-new-homepage.web.cern.ch/lhc-new-homepage/
http://edms.cern.ch/cedar/plsql/navigation.tree?top=CERN-0000020013&open=CERN-0000020016&expand_open=Y
Of course this might be likened to the difference between
an engine and a speedometer; the LHC has to provide the
power to move the protons but the detector merely measures
their velocity.


Your usual argument is that the source of these particles is at rest wrt
lab frame, which is an old argument of my own as well. The reasoning
being that with a particle moving at c wrt the source the em waves
intercepting the particle are infinitely red shifted wrt it, and thus
energyless. As it so happened, I discovered that this was actually one
of the very reasons for Einstein's proclamation that nothing can be
accelerated to greater than c, and so it is an argument in favor the
theory rather than in disfavor.

However, because of this playing out of light energy at c wrt the
source, the ballistic model of light that you cite, e.g. the one that
allows particle speeds of greater than c wrt lab frame, would require
the light (em energy) that accelerated it to propagate at greater than c
wrt lab frame. Thus in order to prove your argument, you need only prove
that light can propagate at greater than c wrt lab frame.

Now comes in the problem of measurement of one-way light-speed. This
endeavor becomes a bit ambiguous as Einstein cleverly outlined in the
section that you like to quote most often, and must inevitably be
defined in a circular manner. Einstein chose to define light speed as
constant for reasons of symmetry. Symmetry was a very good reason, and
since those days it has been applied successfully to many other areas.
Nature apparently does like symmetry, as does logic.

Pedant Point: Mother Nature doesn't exist as such and
doesn't like or dislike. :-) (And it certainly isn't
a mother!) All we know is that, given a certain set of
experiments, that the results are consistent with theories
that *we* propose, plus there's a certain number of natural
observations of unknown phenomena that are also consistent
with our theories.
I don't think the Universe cares about symmetry, but
we do. It simplifies things, absent more data that shows
a break in symmetry. I think Uncle Al's experiments with
quartz are looking for such a break, but can't say for sure;
it's well beyond me.


You are free to define light speed otherwise, but this doesn't make SR
incorrect, it simply makes it a different logical approach than yours.
OTOH, you don't really seem to have a consistent alternate model, best I
can tell from your postings. Lorentz did however, but mathematically it
is equivalent to SR.

As far as I can tell from one of Einstein's papers, the one is easily
derivable from the other. In fact, he does exactly that:
http://www.fourmilab.ch/etexts/einstein/specrel/www/
Or one can simply start with the Lorentz, assume x = ct
or x = -ct, and derive xi = c tau or xi = -c tau. That's
even simpler.
A third possibility is to grind out (xi^2 - c tau^2);
it turns out to be equal to (x^2 - ct^2).


While it is true that there were shortcomings of SR, GR was developed to
address them. The full theory has never been disproved experimentally, I
don't think its possible to do so because the definitions of the
measures are circular.

I'd say it wouldn't be all that difficult to disprove
GR and bolster c' = c+v; the main problem is precision.
The fact that the disproof has not been done yet bolsters GR's case,
especially since the experiments *have* been conducted.
The simplest one is probably a variant of Compton scattering,
or one can observe highspeed muons in a storage ring.
Or...
http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/physics/Relativity/SR/experiments.html

And also any other model would have to provide
the same end results.

Within experimental measurement precision/error.

Given two theories that both accurately predict
the final outcomes of experiments, which one would be correct? Answer:
Neither would be correct. Theories can be defined by such things as
*utility*, *accuracy*, and *representativeness*, while *correctness* in
this context is a purely philosophical/logical stance. A leap of faith.

Richard Perry


All in all, you are an ignorant, non-thinking, refuse-to-listen bigot.


For example, H. Wilson's
| "light race" experiments would do just fine, if
| conducted correctly. Gravity Probe B results should be
| interesting either way (apparently GR predicts a torque
| transference of some sort). Uncle Al's chirality/crystallity
| results I'm not equipped to judge, but might disprove a rather
| esoteric GR subpoint. Sitter's results might be useful.
|
| MMX, were it to show a result, would disprove SR or GR handily.
| And it *should* show a result (Sagnac), just not the result
| predicted by the rigid luminferous aether.
|
| c' = c+v can be similarly disproven. There's at least one
| experiment that purports to do such; it involves decaying
| pi mesons traveling at about 0.2 c, and a lightspeed trap.
|
| A more subtle but easier to measure approach involves Compton
| scattering; briefly put, SR has different rules regarding
| particle mechanics than Newtonian QM. These differences can
| presumably be measured.


All you need to understand is v = x/t.

Case proven, SR and GR which depends on it is your religion,
not a science.

Androcles.






--
#191,

It's still legal to go .sigless.
.
User: "Sam Wormley"

Title: Re: Doppler shift is evidence for varying speed of light. 13 Aug 2005 12:49:01 PM
The Ghost In The Machine wrote:


Pedant Point: Mother Nature doesn't exist as such and
doesn't like or dislike. :-) (And it certainly isn't
a mother!) All we know is that, given a certain set of
experiments, that the results are consistent with theories
that *we* propose, plus there's a certain number of natural
observations of unknown phenomena that are also consistent
with our theories.

"Mother" Nature produced us (life) and provide the
necessary nurturing requisites of
o energy
o water
o organics
Gender is a human construct... and an appropriate
one for a universe that produced us accidentally or
not. :-)
.



User: "The Ghost In The Machine"

Title: Re: Doppler shift is evidence for varying speed of light. 13 Aug 2005 12:00:06 PM
In sci.physics, Androcles
<Androcles@MyPlace.org>
wrote
on Sat, 13 Aug 2005 09:30:20 GMT
<M4jLe.1987$P.1329@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>:


"The Ghost In The Machine" <ewill@sirius.tg00suus7038.net> wrote in
message news:nga0t2-0cb.ln1@sirius.tg00suus7038.net...
| In sci.physics, Androcles
| <Androcles@MyPlace.org>
| wrote
| on Sat, 13 Aug 2005 02:47:58 GMT
| <ybdLe.3033$le3.78@fe1.news.blueyonder.co.uk>:
| >
| > "The Ghost In The Machine" <ewill@sirius.tg00suus7038.net> wrote in
| > message news:62vvs2-7gj.ln1@sirius.tg00suus7038.net...
| > | In sci.physics, Sam Wormley
| > | <swormley1@mchsi.com>
| > | wrote
| > | on Fri, 12 Aug 2005 14:59:26 GMT
| > | <iP2Le.242996$x96.139555@attbi_s72>:
| > | > kenseto wrote:
| > | >>
| > | >> That's the problem you assumed that the incoming light from O
is
| > moving at a
| > | >> constant c.
| > | >>
| > | >
| > | > Measurement of light speed in the past have confirmed A.
| > Einstein's
| > | > hypothesis that c is a constant of nature. And now c is a
| > *defined*
| > | > constant. Of course, the incoming light from O is moving at
the
| > | > constant c. This is empirically correct!
| > |
| > | No, they have *not* confirmed his hypothesis. They've merely
failed
| > | to disprove it. :-) It's a subtle difference -- and certainly
such
| > | measurements *have* disproved the hypothesis that c' = c+v.
| >
| > You have no idea what a proof is, Ghost, and refuse to respond to
| > anything that disagrees with your own stupid point of view.
| > Androcles
| >
|
| You have, of course, disproven SR and GR, I take it.
| Congratulations.

Thank you.
Now that you recognise that, what the ***** are you rambling on
about measurements *have* disproved the hypothesis that c' = c+v,
you half-witted lunatic?

So where's your disproof? Do you have sometihng better than
your mosquito-ladder-roadway model? That's not a proof or
disproof, merely an illustration, like Schrödinger's Cat.



| Submit it to a review board and that Nobel should be yours, in
| about 2 decades or so, once everyone recognizes your work.
| Don't forget the data and the procedures, and I'm sure
| someone will contact you regarding textbook royalties,
| probably around the start of the Fall 2006 school year.
| Can't rush these things, really. You might sign it
| "future Nobel Prize awardee Androcles" or some such.
|
| In any event, SR can never be proven. Why? Because in
| its fundamental hypothesis there's an exhaustive search:
| that the lightspeed of c is constant *everywhere* in the
| Universe, no matter what source and what destination.

You don't know what a hypothesis is, you don't know what
a postulate is and you don't know what a definition is.
Nor do you know how the cuckoo transformations were
derived.
All in all, you are an ignorant, non-thinking, refuse-to-listen bigot.

Explain your hypothesis, postulate, and definitions, then.
Enlighten the physics community. After all, it's a gigantic
conspiracy; it needs to be taken down, shaken up, and
ultimately enlightened. You are not the only one fighting
The Establishment. I am not The Establishment.
I have several competing theories, which I'm currently evaluating.
(Not all that serio