Greetings -
I'm looking for comments about this report on the temporal changes
observed in the "Eintein's Cross". Any recommended references
explaining this feature?

"In the mid-1980's, astronomers discovered these four quasars, with
redshifts about z = 1.7, buried deep in the heart of a galaxy with a
low redshift of z = .04. (The central spot in this image is not the
whole galaxy, but only the brightest part of the galaxy's nucleus.)
This could have been seen as a crucial verification of Halton Arp's
discordant redshift associations. It could have been proof that the
redshift-equals-distance relationship is [not always accurate].
Instead, Einstein's space-warping principle was invoked, and
astronomers announced they had discovered a single distant quasar
split into four images by the gravity of the foreground galaxy. A
galaxy-sized fun-house mirror!

But how well does the image fit the theory? Einstein predicted that
light from a distant object that was gravitationally warped around a
massive foreground object would form arcs or even a full circle. Here
we see four bright spots and no ring-like elongations. In fact, all
four of the bright spots are elongated in the wrong direction: they
stretch toward the galaxy center.

More observations were undertaken. Using the Hubble Space Telescope, a
friend of Arp's documented that quasar D (right side of photo) is
physically connected to the nucleus of the galaxy. Later, a high
redshift connection was discovered between quasars A (bottom) and B
(top) which passes in front of the connection between the nucleus and
quasar D. But these observations went unnoticed: the journal which
usually prints results from the Hubble Space Telescope rejected this
announcement twice.

Mathematical analysis, too, casts doubt on the gravitational lens
theory. The faint foreground galaxy would need to be much bigger and
brighter in order to accomplish this lensing feat: In fact, it would
have to be 2 magnitudes brighter than "conventional quasars," the
brightest objects known.

These two photos show brightness changes observed over a period of
three years. The lensing explanation is that the warping of the light
varies when individual stars pass in front of the quasar. Arp's
explanation is that the galaxy has ejected four quasars, which are
growing brighter and moving farther from the nucleus as they age."

Greetings -
I'm looking for comments about this report on the temporal changes
observed in the "Eintein's Cross". Any recommended references
explaining this feature?



"In the mid-1980's, astronomers discovered these four quasars, with
redshifts about z = 1.7, buried deep in the heart of a galaxy with a
low redshift of z = .04. (The central spot in this image is not the
whole galaxy, but only the brightest part of the galaxy's nucleus.)
This could have been seen as a crucial verification of Halton Arp's
discordant redshift associations. It could have been proof that the
redshift-equals-distance relationship is [not always accurate].
Instead, Einstein's space-warping principle was invoked, and
astronomers announced they had discovered a single distant quasar
split into four images by the gravity of the foreground galaxy. A
galaxy-sized fun-house mirror!

But how well does the image fit the theory? Einstein predicted that
light from a distant object that was gravitationally warped around a
massive foreground object would form arcs or even a full circle. Here
we see four bright spots and no ring-like elongations. In fact, all
four of the bright spots are elongated in the wrong direction: they
stretch toward the galaxy center.

More observations were undertaken. Using the Hubble Space Telescope, a
friend of Arp's documented that quasar D (right side of photo) is
physically connected to the nucleus of the galaxy. Later, a high
redshift connection was discovered between quasars A (bottom) and B
(top) which passes in front of the connection between the nucleus and
quasar D. But these observations went unnoticed: the journal which
usually prints results from the Hubble Space Telescope rejected this
announcement twice.

Mathematical analysis, too, casts doubt on the gravitational lens
theory. The faint foreground galaxy would need to be much bigger and
brighter in order to accomplish this lensing feat: In fact, it would
have to be 2 magnitudes brighter than "conventional quasars," the
brightest objects known.

These two photos show brightness changes observed over a period of
three years. The lensing explanation is that the warping of the light
varies when individual stars pass in front of the quasar. Arp's
explanation is that the galaxy has ejected four quasars, which are
growing brighter and moving farther from the nucleus as they age."