Science > Physics > Fusion Accelerators and Unmeasured Gamma Radiation
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Science > Physics |
| User: |
"" |
| Date: |
08 Sep 2006 03:26:15 PM |
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Fusion Accelerators and Unmeasured Gamma Radiation |
Fusion Accelerators and Unobserved Gamma Radiation
At http://www.fusionaccelerator.com you can see an updated version
of the discharge accelerator tube described in Nature etc by
Rutherford and Oliphant in 1934. that produced " an enormous emission
of fast
protons implying fusion reactions and emitted when deuterons collide
with a steel target] too large to be followed by our amplifier and
oscillograph".
That is, 20 to 100kV accelerated deuterons hitting a target of
deuterons produced an increasingly large number of 3MeV and 1MeV
particle trajectories implying an unobserved fusion of deuterons with
23MeV more energy than the stable form of Helium. So some of the
unstable helium then gave off these particles eg a proton or neutron
and a combination of two protons and one neutron or two neutrons and
one proton. Rutherford regretted, in the Royal Soc proceeding A of
1934 that he could not measure gamma radiation for lack of an expansion
chamber or coincidence counter but says that "there was present a
very intense radiation capable of producing an undiminished effect on
the counter through 20cm of lead." It may also be that many possible
fusion reactions were prevented by the necessity of bending the
accelerated beam by a strong magnetic field and passing the emitted
particles through a window into a detection chamber.
All of these limitations on the number of emissions produced per
unit of electron current when added to the collision of deuterons with
the lower voltage side of the discharge chamber and when added to the
limitations of Rutherford's amplifier and oscillograph suggests that
more emissions were possible.
But more importantly, energy from gamma radiation if properly
measured would have increased the observed number of, and the total
energy
ouput of, effective D collisions with D.
Rutherford was nearing the end of his life and was not interested in
energy per se but in discovering particles inside atomic nuclei as he
had done all his life, and said that energy could not be extracted from
the
nucleus. He died three years after these experiments with Oliphant.
Oliphant went back to Australia. The discovery of fission (without the
realization of the problems of nuclear waste that would come later) was
a more dramatic indication that Rutherford was wrong in estimating that
energy could not be extracted from the nucleus. And so the fission
approach was followed.
I have talked to experts in fusion, meaning self sustaining
magnetically confined or inertially confined fusion, who say that the
distance between accelerated deuterons is too far apart to cause
fusion but Rutherford's results show this is not the case.
Other experts infer from indirect evidence and tunneling probability
estimates a similar result ie that 4MeV is produced by each
collision for every 1.78eV used to produce it
which, even if every deuteron was able to produce this,
is still not 3 times the amount needed for a steam generator.
But if the gamma radiation is properly
taken into account it would be possible to to produce 5 or 10 or 15 or
20MeV for each collision and so need fewer effective collisions for a
viable
energy source.
I am looking for help in tweaking Rutherford and Oliphant's method
and in building an improved version of a Rutherford Oliphant
discharge
tube accelerator reactor. If you would be interested in helping,
please write.
.
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| User: "" |
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| Title: Re: Fusion Accelerators and Unmeasured Gamma Radiation |
11 Sep 2006 03:18:51 PM |
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Given your interest in the subject, I would encourage you to study
introductory physics starting at the Physics 101 level, and after its
mastery move on to more advanced texts covering nuclear and atomic
physics (as most physics students do).
Rutheford and Oliphant were major contributors to man's knowledge of
the fundamentals, but today their work is of historic interest and the
foundations of work to follow in later years.
You make a number of statements which are essentially incorrect. First,
gamma radiation is not indicative the mechanism that produces it.
Neither are fast protons, unless you first quantify each by its
respective energy levels. Of course the Rutherford Tube produced
protons, neutrons, x-rays, and gamma rays. You mistake is to assume
that any of these resulted from either fission or fusion reactions of
any kind.
I believe that you may be making the mistake of confusing a simple
particle accelerated induced nuclear event with either fision of
fusion.
Carefully note that the experimental observation of a fusion reaction
took place quite a few years after Rutherford voiced his (not
observations) but predictions that energy could not be extracted from a
nuclear reaction...his prediction turned out to be incorrect possibly
because he lacked instrumentation required to properly interpret event
results, but the man was still a genius based upon his early and
life-long accomplishments.
Frankly, I see very little conntection between work done by either
Rutherford or Oliphant with a nuclear fission reaction let alone
nuclear fusion. Not to minimize Oliphant's contributions to science,
history generally depects him as more the student than the professor,
after first learning basic atomic physics from Rutheford, then later
how to build a cyclotron from Lawrence. To the best of my knowledge,
none of these individiual made seminal contributions to fission or
fusion science, although the instrumentation of methods they developed
culuminated in the conception of some of the tools required to advance
us to the nuclear age.
Harry C.
awhite@facell.com wrote:
Fusion Accelerators and Unobserved Gamma Radiation
At http://www.fusionaccelerator.com you can see an updated version
of the discharge accelerator tube described in Nature etc by
Rutherford and Oliphant in 1934. that produced " an enormous emission
of fast
protons implying fusion reactions and emitted when deuterons collide
with a steel target] too large to be followed by our amplifier and
oscillograph".
That is, 20 to 100kV accelerated deuterons hitting a target of
deuterons produced an increasingly large number of 3MeV and 1MeV
particle trajectories implying an unobserved fusion of deuterons with
23MeV more energy than the stable form of Helium. So some of the
unstable helium then gave off these particles eg a proton or neutron
and a combination of two protons and one neutron or two neutrons and
one proton. Rutherford regretted, in the Royal Soc proceeding A of
1934 that he could not measure gamma radiation for lack of an expansion
chamber or coincidence counter but says that "there was present a
very intense radiation capable of producing an undiminished effect on
the counter through 20cm of lead." It may also be that many possible
fusion reactions were prevented by the necessity of bending the
accelerated beam by a strong magnetic field and passing the emitted
particles through a window into a detection chamber.
All of these limitations on the number of emissions produced per
unit of electron current when added to the collision of deuterons with
the lower voltage side of the discharge chamber and when added to the
limitations of Rutherford's amplifier and oscillograph suggests that
more emissions were possible.
But more importantly, energy from gamma radiation if properly
measured would have increased the observed number of, and the total
energy
ouput of, effective D collisions with D.
Rutherford was nearing the end of his life and was not interested in
energy per se but in discovering particles inside atomic nuclei as he
had done all his life, and said that energy could not be extracted from
the
nucleus. He died three years after these experiments with Oliphant.
Oliphant went back to Australia. The discovery of fission (without the
realization of the problems of nuclear waste that would come later) was
a more dramatic indication that Rutherford was wrong in estimating that
energy could not be extracted from the nucleus. And so the fission
approach was followed.
I have talked to experts in fusion, meaning self sustaining
magnetically confined or inertially confined fusion, who say that the
distance between accelerated deuterons is too far apart to cause
fusion but Rutherford's results show this is not the case.
Other experts infer from indirect evidence and tunneling probability
estimates a similar result ie that 4MeV is produced by each
collision for every 1.78eV used to produce it
which, even if every deuteron was able to produce this,
is still not 3 times the amount needed for a steam generator.
But if the gamma radiation is properly
taken into account it would be possible to to produce 5 or 10 or 15 or
20MeV for each collision and so need fewer effective collisions for a
viable
energy source.
I am looking for help in tweaking Rutherford and Oliphant's method
and in building an improved version of a Rutherford Oliphant
discharge
tube accelerator reactor. If you would be interested in helping,
please write.
awhite@fusionacclerator.com
.
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