To have been a failure, the M-M experiment is considered by many
to be the greatest scientific experiment of all time. Such is because
the explanations of Lorentz and FitzGerald that "all matter contracts
in the direction of motion" became the basis for Einstein's theories
of relativity.
But what if matter doesn't contract in the direction of motion?
Of course those men, and Einstein, would be wrong.

Are you good at algebra? Then, you might enjoy seeing if you can
replicate NoEinstein's invalidation of the historic 1887 Michelson-
Morley interferometer experiment. Such was seeking to measure Earth's
velocity and direction in the cosmos. When the experiment was first
conducted, it was assumed that there was an energy form called ether--
even in the vacuum of space. If, by chance, light traveling in the
direction of motion of the Earth was slowed in passing through the
ether, then, the velocity of the Earth could be determined by how much
the light's velocity had slowed. And the direction of motion of the
Earth would correspond to the azimuth of the maximum slowing. But no
interference phase changes were seen at any azimuth. So, the
experiment was a failure... Many, especially A. A. Michelson, were
miffed to understand why the experiment didn't work.
To have been a failure, the M-M experiment is considered by many
to be the greatest scientific experiment of all time.

the explanations of Lorentz and FitzGerald that "all matter contracts
in the direction of motion" became the basis for Einstein's theories
of relativity.
But what if matter doesn't contract in the direction of motion?
Of course those men, and Einstein, would be wrong. The author of this
post, NoEinstein--who has a background in structural design--didn't
believe that velocity could compress matter or make any structure or
material contract. But he had to find an alternative explanation for
WHY the experiment failed. His intuition told him that light, as with
sound, speeds up when shined in the direction of motion of the Earth,
and slows down when shined in the direction opposite to the Earth's
motion. Would those two assumptions--that were never considered by
others--yield negative results for the M-M experiment, and without
having to resort to... "contracting matter" due to velocity?

NoEinstein's simple algebraic disproofs, that he is hereby inviting
others to replicate, will require an above average ability to
visualize the M-M apparatus moving at various angles relative to
Earth's velocity vector.
Once emitted from the light source, those rays will race around
their individual, tee shaped, courses to be reflected by two mirrors--
one normal, or perpendicular; the other the 45 degree beamsplitter,
that reflects light at a 90 degree angle--till each light ray finally
arrives at the target. A wave (crest or valley) reaches the target as
a SINGLE timed event from emission to target. The next wave (crest or
valley) completes another timed event, identical to the former, but
has different values depending upon the azimuth to which the apparatus
is oriented, relative to the Earth's velocity vector. Each light ray
is actually a continuous TRAIN of evenly spaced photons of a single
frequency. The TIME required for a single photon in either train to
reach a mirror, or to reach the target, is the same as for any other
photon in that train.
So, to simplify understanding, assume that just TWO side-by-side
photons are simultaneously emitted from the source, each traveling its
own unique, tee shaped course to the target. A schematic diagram of
the Michelson-Morley experiment can be found in most encyclopedias, or
on the WEB. For consistency, assume that the light source is in the -
Y position on the crossed light paths; the 50% silvered, 45 degree
beamsplitter is at the origin of X-X & Y-Y, and reflects LEFT, or
toward -X, at the first reflection; perpendicular Mirror 1 is at +Y,
and is equidistant from the center of the beamsplitter; perpendicular
Mirror 2 is at -X, and is equidistant from the center of the
beamsplitter; and finally, the target surface is perpendicular at +X,
and is equidistant from the center of the 45 degree beamsplitter.
The light rays (or just those two photons) get to travel one of
two light courses. Course 1 is: Source, through the half-silvered
beamsplitter to Mirror 1; then, from Mirror 1 back to the 45 degree
beamsplitter; then, from the 45 degree beamsplitter to the target
(located on the front of the telescope). Course 2 is: Source to the
45 degree beamsplitter; then, from such to Mirror 2; then, from Mirror
2 the light reflects back through the half-silvered beamsplitter to
arrive at the same target on the front of the telescope.
For the results of M-M to be negative, two photons emitted at the
same instant from the source must reflect around their own tee shaped
light courses and arrive at the target in the exact same amount of
TIME regardless of the orientation of the apparatus relative to
Earth's velocity vector. Important note: While the photons are in
transit, the apparatus is constantly moving. The point of original
"aim" of the light is to cross the centerline of the 45 degree
mirror. The purpose of algebra is to calculate WHERE the 45 degree
mirror will be when the photons reflect from such. Algebra is also
needed to calculate how far each photon must travel to reach a given
moving mirror and the moving target. How fast are those moving? Of
course it depends upon the orientation relative to the velocity vector
of the Earth. There are 360 degrees of possible apparatus orientation
to consider. But first consider just the four orthogonal
orientations. Since there are two light courses, that means you must
do eight algebraic calculations of the TIME to the target; and do
eight accrued algebraic calculations of the total distance the light
must travel. Done correctly, the TIME calculations will all be the
same, while the DISTANCE calculations will be longer or shorter than
the measured size of the apparatus.
Consider that each of the four legs of each course is length
unity, or 1. To simplify calculations, assume that the velocity of
light c, also, is unity or 1. And assume that Earth's velocity is .01
(of c), and that the apparatus will move a maximum of .01 in the time
it takes a photon to travel just one leg of the four legs to the
target (as measured when at rest). Re read the above while looking at
a schematic diagram of M-M. Most Important: Remember that the
apparatus is MOVING while the photons are in transit to a particular
mirror, or to the target. Check your algebra for each orientation
before considering the next orientation (90 degrees clockwise or
counterclockwise as you wish). Good luck to everyone!

Respectfully submitted, -- NoEinstein --

Other posts of mine may be accessed by clicking my "profile".
__________

Are you good at algebra? Then, you might enjoy seeing if you can
replicate NoEinstein's invalidation of the historic 1887 Michelson-
Morley interferometer experiment. Such was seeking to measure Earth's
velocity and direction in the cosmos. When the experiment was first
conducted, it was assumed that there was an energy form called ether--
even in the vacuum of space. If, by chance, light traveling in the
direction of motion of the Earth was slowed in passing through the
ether, then, the velocity of the Earth could be determined by how much
the light's velocity had slowed. And the direction of motion of the
Earth would correspond to the azimuth of the maximum slowing. But no
interference phase changes were seen at any azimuth. So, the
experiment was a failure... Many, especially A. A. Michelson, were
miffed to understand why the experiment didn't work.
To have been a failure, the M-M experiment is considered by many
to be the greatest scientific experiment of all time. Such is because
the explanations of Lorentz and FitzGerald that "all matter contracts
in the direction of motion" became the basis for Einstein's theories
of relativity.
But what if matter doesn't contract in the direction of motion?
Of course those men, and Einstein, would be wrong. The author of this
post, NoEinstein--who has a background in structural design--didn't
believe that velocity could compress matter or make any structure or
material contract. But he had to find an alternative explanation for
WHY the experiment failed. His intuition told him that light, as with
sound, speeds up when shined in the direction of motion of the Earth,
and slows down when shined in the direction opposite to the Earth's
motion. Would those two assumptions--that were never considered by
others--yield negative results for the M-M experiment, and without
having to resort to... "contracting matter" due to velocity?
NoEinstein's simple algebraic disproofs, that he is hereby inviting
others to replicate, will require an above average ability to
visualize the M-M apparatus moving at various angles relative to
Earth's velocity vector.
Once emitted from the light source, those rays will race around
their individual, tee shaped, courses to be reflected by two mirrors--
one normal, or perpendicular; the other the 45 degree beamsplitter,
that reflects light at a 90 degree angle--till each light ray finally
arrives at the target. A wave (crest or valley) reaches the target as
a SINGLE timed event from emission to target. The next wave (crest or
valley) completes another timed event, identical to the former, but
has different values depending upon the azimuth to which the apparatus
is oriented, relative to the Earth's velocity vector. Each light ray
is actually a continuous TRAIN of evenly spaced photons of a single
frequency. The TIME required for a single photon in either train to
reach a mirror, or to reach the target, is the same as for any other
photon in that train.
So, to simplify understanding, assume that just TWO side-by-side
photons are simultaneously emitted from the source, each traveling its
own unique, tee shaped course to the target. A schematic diagram of
the Michelson-Morley experiment can be found in most encyclopedias, or
on the WEB. For consistency, assume that the light source is in the -
Y position on the crossed light paths; the 50% silvered, 45 degree
beamsplitter is at the origin of X-X & Y-Y, and reflects LEFT, or
toward -X, at the first reflection; perpendicular Mirror 1 is at +Y,
and is equidistant from the center of the beamsplitter; perpendicular
Mirror 2 is at -X, and is equidistant from the center of the
beamsplitter; and finally, the target surface is perpendicular at +X,
and is equidistant from the center of the 45 degree beamsplitter.
The light rays (or just those two photons) get to travel one of
two light courses. Course 1 is: Source, through the half-silvered
beamsplitter to Mirror 1; then, from Mirror 1 back to the 45 degree
beamsplitter; then, from the 45 degree beamsplitter to the target
(located on the front of the telescope). Course 2 is: Source to the
45 degree beamsplitter; then, from such to Mirror 2; then, from Mirror
2 the light reflects back through the half-silvered beamsplitter to
arrive at the same target on the front of the telescope.
For the results of M-M to be negative, two photons emitted at the
same instant from the source must reflect around their own tee shaped
light courses and arrive at the target in the exact same amount of
TIME regardless of the orientation of the apparatus relative to
Earth's velocity vector. Important note: While the photons are in
transit, the apparatus is constantly moving. The point of original
"aim" of the light is to cross the centerline of the 45 degree
mirror. The purpose of algebra is to calculate WHERE the 45 degree
mirror will be when the photons reflect from such. Algebra is also
needed to calculate how far each photon must travel to reach a given
moving mirror and the moving target. How fast are those moving? Of
course it depends upon the orientation relative to the velocity vector
of the Earth. There are 360 degrees of possible apparatus orientation
to consider. But first consider just the four orthogonal
orientations. Since there are two light courses, that means you must
do eight algebraic calculations of the TIME to the target; and do
eight accrued algebraic calculations of the total distance the light
must travel. Done correctly, the TIME calculations will all be the
same, while the DISTANCE calculations will be longer or shorter than
the measured size of the apparatus.
Consider that each of the four legs of each course is length
unity, or 1. To simplify calculations, assume that the velocity of
light c, also, is unity or 1. And assume that Earth's velocity is .01
(of c), and that the apparatus will move a maximum of .01 in the time
it takes a photon to travel just one leg of the four legs to the
target (as measured when at rest). Re read the above while looking at
a schematic diagram of M-M. Most Important: Remember that the
apparatus is MOVING while the photons are in transit to a particular
mirror, or to the target. Check your algebra for each orientation
before considering the next orientation (90 degrees clockwise or
counterclockwise as you wish). Good luck to everyone!

Respectfully submitted, -- NoEinstein --

Other posts of mine may be accessed by clicking my "profile".
__________