MOND, Negative & "Generalized Probabilities" Via PI 2: Zhao and Famaey and Riccati



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Topic: Science > Physics
User: "OsherD"
Date: 01 Apr 2006 06:05:10 PM
Object: MOND, Negative & "Generalized Probabilities" Via PI 2: Zhao and Famaey and Riccati

From Osher Doctorow


H. S. Zhao of U. St. Andrews, Scotland U.K., and B. Famaey of U. Libre
de Bruxelles, Belgium in "Refining MOND interpolating function and
TeVeS Langrangian, astro-ph/0512425 v3 5 Jan 2006, point out that the
Famaey and Binney 2005 interpolating function for the "constant" G of F
= Gm1m2/r^2 (that is, G is replaced by the interpolating function more
or less) is:
1) u~(x) = x/(1 + x)
This, which they don't mention, "obeys" in its key expression the
Riccati Differential Equation with t replaced by x:
2) dy/dt = A(t) + B(t)y + C(t)y^2
since if y = x/(1 + x), then by long division:
3) x/(1 + x) = 1 - 1/(x + 1)
Now set y equal to 1/(x + 1) instead of x/(1 + x):
4) y = 1/(x + 1)
where x is not -1, and therefore:
5) dy/dx = -1/(x + 1)^2
Let's rewrite (3) as:
6) x/(1 + x) = 1 - y
Then:
7) d(x/(1 + x))/dx = - dy/dx = + 1/(x + 1)^2 from (5) = y^2
Substituting from (6) into (7) yields:
8) d(1 - y)/dx = y^2
and therefore:
9) 0 - dy/dx = y^2
which can be rewritten:
1) dy/dx = - y^2
which is the Riccati Differential Equation (2) with A(t) = 0 and B(t) =
0 and C(t) = C(x) = -1.
The Riccati Differential Equation is fundamental to Probable
Influence/Causation (PI) as I have argued for years on sci.physics and
elsewhere. For example, it embodies expansion-contraction both
exponentially via exponential growth/decay (dy/dt = ky) and logistic or
supply-limited growth (dy/dt = ky(1 - y) when y is
normalized/standardized).
Osher Doctorow
.


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