From Osher Doctorow
It would have been "satisfactory" in the manner of the Loop Quantum
Gravity people to simply leave the question of "ultimates" as a
"mystery" (in the case of LQG, a mystery of discrete pieces of
anything) with a nice little equation like P(A-->B) = 1 + y - x with 1
- x representing gravity and y representing expansion or the expansion
force.
But the temptation to ask "how do you actually create expansion, mass,
etc.?" gives some surprising clues. The only two variables here are
gravity and expansion, so either gravity is creating expansion or
expansion is creating gravity (the opposite of expansion!). But this
can only occur logically and arguably experimentally or
observationally if the absence of gravity is creating expansion or
vice versa.
Therefore, we arguably must conclude that the Universe has an "inborn"
tendency to expand in the absence of matter and to contract in its
presence!
But if we look at black holes, so to speak, we notice that toward the
center mass is "pulverized" by tidal forces and so is arguably absent,
in which case the mass must be concentrated toward its periphery in a
sort of Holographic Principle. The black hole is a complete
expansion-contraction "machine" with the radial direction toward its
center correlated with a global "view" of time as contraction turns
into expansion or vice versa.
Either the periphery of a black hole creates matter or matter tends to
concentrate in its periphery. Expansion occurs toward its center,
which heading inward from the periphery at least is later in time.
But since there appears to be no end to expansion in the actual open
Universe that is indicated by current observations and theory, the
whole notion of a black hole evaporating in finite time is
meaningless!
Both the periphery and the center of a black hole literally generate
the Universe by this argument. Far from being "out of communication"
with the rest of the Universe, the black hole is the most
communicating part of the Universe! The role of central galactic
supermassive black holes being associated with new stars comes
"naturally" out of this picture.
But how do we actually expand, accelerate, and so on to "overcome
gravity" in a search for the "expansion force"? Here are some
suggestions.
1) Instead of heading toward nearby galaxies, we head away from nearby
galaxies, toward less dense concentrations of matter.
2) We harness "tidal forces", which now in our picture are unbounded
by any finite limit on their magnitudes! The speed of light c has
become nothing but a phase boundary indicator between the so-called
"visibility" and "invisibility" phases (the latter presumably equipped
with some different type of sensing mechanisms or potentially sensing
mechanisms). Since light and other electromagnetism is apparently
undestroyed by the tidal forces, they could presumably be used to
"anchor onto" the tidal forces from black holes or even supernovae.
Or if recent experiments are any indication, we may be able to get a
handle on miniature black holes or intermediate black holes so to
speak.
3) In any case, we use available power sources and forget the speed of
light limitation claims.
Osher Doctorow
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