INTRODUCTION

I have had reason to have a closer look at my theory --- and as a
result, have come up with a great clarification that constitutes a
breakthrough..

I present it here. If one wants more information they can get it from
the original theory, On the Quantum as a Physical Entity, at
http://www.wbabin.net -- go to LIST OF AUTHORS and click on Vertner
Vergon.

What follows here is for the intelligent reader open to new ideas.


THE COULOMB FIELD AS
THE BASIC PARTICLE OF THE UNIVERSE

Thanks to Coulomb, we have measurable electrostatic and magnetic fields

that stand alone. That is, when they are not in motion.

Given motion, the two fields form a union - orthogonally to each
other - which we call an electromagnetic field (e.m. for short).

What is peculiar and as yet unexplained is that as individual fields
there is no spin. But when accelerated to c, they have spin.

When traveling at c, the electric lines of force that normally radiate
out in
all directions are now orthogonal to the line of motion.

Collaterally, the spin is orthogonal to the axis. Since the field has
mass, this creates a curvilinear force, which is known as magnetism.
This force is orthogonal to both the electric force and the line of
motion.

Nieto & Goldhaber, experimenters (among others), determined the
approximate mass of these e.m. fields. (See Scientific American, May,
1976, The Mass of the Photon, by Nieto & Goldhaber) . As their
experiment
progressed over time, they refined their technique such that the result
became progressively smaller - and eventually approached very close
to the figure given here. There were anomalies of the curve caused by
their examining other fields than the coulomb fields. These should be
ignored.

When in motion, we classify the e.m. fields as radiation. And we
establish that radiation has mass.

A single e.m. field consists of one electrostatic and one magnetic
field. Its mass is 7.3720385 x 10^-48 gram. How this was arrived at
will now be discussed.

This mass x c^2 = 6.62566 x 10^-27 erg (on the cgs scale).
Where f =1, h f = 6.62566 x 10^-27 erg also.

A DISCUSSION OF h

h = 6.62566 x 10^-34 joule-second (mKgs scale) or
h = 6.62566 x 10^-27 erg-second (cgs sale).

1 joule = 6.2415 x 10^18 eV
h = a fraction of that:


6.62566 x 10^-34 * 6.2415 x 10^18 = 4.135406 x10^-15 eV =
4.135406 x 10^-21 MeV and
4.135406 x 10^-21 MeV * the conversion factor (1.782576 x 10^-27) =
7.371677 x 10^-48 gram.

So we see that the mass of h is the same as the mass of the single e.m.
field.

We also see that this common mass * c^2 = 6.63566 x 10^-27 erg.

(The correct common mass is 7.3720385 x 10^-48 gr and shall be used
throughout.)

Since hf = E of the photon, we note that if f =1, E = 6.62566 x 10^-7
erg.
And this energy times 1 second is h.

We also note that the mass of the single e.m.field times the square of
its
velocity (c) is also its E. And this energy times 1 second is a unit of
action = to h.

Thus we can say that a single e.m. field traveling at c is equivalent
to h --- or conversely, h is equivalent to a single e.m. field
traveling
at c. In both cases E = 6.62566 x 10^-27 erg - and an erg second is h.


THE E/m RATIO --- AND E = mc^2

The energy of the single e.m. field is 6.62566 x 10_27 erg. The mass is
7.3720385 x 10^-48 gr
The ratio is, E/m = c^2. Thus we have E = mc^2.


EXAMINING THE COMMON MASS

The mass common to both h and the single e.m. field shall henceforward
be denoted as m_q for convenience.

m_q * c = p , the basic, smallest momentum of the universe.

m_q *c^2 = E, the basic, smallest unit of energy in the universe.

(where n is the frequency number or coefficient of f)
m_q n = mass of the photon where f is that of the photon.

Where f is that of the electron, proton or neutron
m_q n is the mass of the respective particles.

The reason for this is clear:
The e.m. field does not only comprise the photon, it also comprises the
electron, proton, and neutron, i.e., matter.

We emphasize that the single e.m. field is the single oscillation of
radiation and matter. Thus the number of oscillations times m_q gives
the mass of any particle (regarding the photon as a particle).



WAVE/PARTICLE DUALITY.


We see that since the base e.m. field is the constituent of radiation
and matter -- and the nature of the e.m. field is waves, then we see
the why of the dual nature of radiation and matter - and why one can be
converted to the other.

As radiation, the e.m. fields are in a tandem mode. When a photon of
sufficient energy/density strikes a backstop, the tandem mode collapses
into a concentric mode and becomes an electron and a positron,

We conclude, therefore, that radiation consists of matter and
antimatter in radiation form.

We also conclude this is a matter of spin --- 50% right hand, 50% left
hand. That's why radiation has no charge.


V. Vergon
Sept. 2006