Science > Physics > The Nobel Prize in Physics -- Gross, Politzer, Wilczek
| Topic: |
Science > Physics |
| User: |
"Sam Wormley" |
| Date: |
05 Oct 2004 08:26:52 AM |
| Object: |
The Nobel Prize in Physics -- Gross, Politzer, Wilczek |
The Nobel Prize in Physics -- Gross, Politzer, Wilczek
http://nobelprize.org/physics/laureates/2004/
http://www.aip.org/pnu/2004/split/703-1.html
THE 2004 PHYSICS NOBEL PRIZE goes to David J. Gross (Kavli
Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara), H. David
Politzer (Caltech), and Frank Wilczek (MIT) for their discovery of
asymptotic freedom, according to which the interaction between
quarks inside nuclear particles such as protons and neutrons
actually gets weaker the closer the quarks are to each other and
stronger the farther they are apart. This hypothesis helped lead to
the establishment of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) as a firm theory
of the strong nuclear force, somewhat, but not exactly, in analogy
with the quantum electrodynamics (QED), the theory of the
electromagnetic force.
The Work of Gross/Politzer/Wilczek explained why individual quarks
could never be observed in the lab. In their picture, quarks are
connected by lines of force embodied in the form of particles called
gluons. The quarks themselves possess a "color charge" analogous to
electrical charge. That is why the strong force among quarks is
referred to also as the color force (whence the name "chromo"
dynamics). The energy that could be used to free quarks from each
other's embrace---energy in the form, say, of a fast-moving incoming
beam particle---would indeed force the quarks farther apart for a
while, but this energy (imagine a rubber band being stretched) would
eventually be converted into the creation of a new quark-antiquark
pair. One or the other of these newly made quarks would immediate
ally itself with one of the two separating quarks, resulting not in
any free quarks but only in two quark pairs. (This process has been
compared to trying to saw a bar magnet in half attempting to create
two isolated magnetic poles; you only succeed in creating two new
bar magnets.) Conversely, quarks very close together are
practically free of each other's influence. QCD has passed every
confirmed experimental test so far, but physicists continue to look
for oddities that might signify a departure from this theory.
(Background: Physics News Update has carried many items relating to
QCD---for example, see PNU's 533, 585, 549, 642, 600, 666, 216, 699,
554, 526 at http://www.aip.org/pnu. Some pertinent magazine articles:
Physics Today (PT), April 88, Georgi, flavor symmetries; Scientific
American (SA), Oct 75, Glashow, color and flavor; SA, Dec 80,
Wilczek, matter-antimatter asymmetry; PT, Oct 04, Wilczek, essay on
forces of nature; SA, Jun 03, beyond the standard model; Nature, 28
Jan 99, Wilczek, lattice gauge theory; PT Aug 00, QCD made easy; PT
Feb 04, lattice QCD; PT, Mar 95, Witten, confinement; CERN Courier,
free quarks in nuclear collisions; CERN Courier, tests of QCD; PT,
Aug 00, Wilczek; SA, Apr 81, grand unified theories; SA, Dec 99,
Weinberg, theory of everything; SA, Apr 85, Quigg, standard model;
SA, Jun 80, 't Hooft, fields; CERN Courier, Jun 04, Wilczek; SA, Feb
83, lattice theory; SA, Jul 93, calculation of masses; PT, Feb 04,
QCD; Physics World, May 03, QCD and string theory; SA, Nov 76, quark
confinement; SA, Nov 98, glueballs.
Websites: Nobel Prize website:
http://www.nobel.se/physics/laureates/2004; germane Physics Today articles
will be posted at this site:
http://physicstoday.org/vol-57/iss-10/nobel.html;
http://webphysics.davidson.edu/mjb/qcd.html, QCD website;
http://www.cpt.dur.ac.uk/qcdnet/, QCD website;
http://fafnir.phyast.pitt.edu/exotica/, QCD website;
http://www-cdf.fnal.gov/physics/new/qcd/QCD.html, QCD website.)
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| User: "Joe" |
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| Title: Re: The Nobel Prize in Physics -- Gross, Politzer, Wilczek |
07 Oct 2004 07:02:35 PM |
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***** THE NOBEL PRIZE!!
[Just joking]
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| User: "" |
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| Title: Re: The Nobel Prize in Physics -- Gross, Politzer, Wilczek |
05 Oct 2004 03:13:29 PM |
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Sam Wormley <swormley1@mchsi.com> wrote in message news:<wix8d.309427$mD.290450@attbi_s02>...
THE 2004 PHYSICS NOBEL PRIZE goes to David J. Gross (Kavli
Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara), H. David
Politzer (Caltech), and Frank Wilczek (MIT) for their discovery of
asymptotic freedom, according to which the interaction between
quarks inside nuclear particles such as protons and neutrons
actually gets weaker the closer the quarks are to each other and
stronger the farther they are apart.
[snip]
Vindicating at last the Asymptotic Freedom Fighters. Recalling a
series of t-shirts worn around physics departments in the early
1980s.
Socks
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| User: "FrediFizzx" |
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| Title: Re: The Nobel Prize in Physics -- Gross, Politzer, Wilczek |
06 Oct 2004 01:17:35 AM |
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<puppet_sock@hotmail.com> wrote in message
news:c7976c46.0410051213.620f6048@posting.google.com...
| Sam Wormley <swormley1@mchsi.com> wrote in message
news:<wix8d.309427$mD.290450@attbi_s02>...
| > THE 2004 PHYSICS NOBEL PRIZE goes to David J. Gross (Kavli
| > Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara), H. David
| > Politzer (Caltech), and Frank Wilczek (MIT) for their discovery of
| > asymptotic freedom, according to which the interaction between
| > quarks inside nuclear particles such as protons and neutrons
| > actually gets weaker the closer the quarks are to each other and
| > stronger the farther they are apart.
| [snip]
|
| Vindicating at last the Asymptotic Freedom Fighters. Recalling a
| series of t-shirts worn around physics departments in the early
| 1980s.
Too bad it is partially wrong. The main reason why we can't ever see
isolated quarks is because they change to leptons pretty quick when
isolated.
FrediFizzx
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| User: "John C. Polasek" |
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| Title: Re: The Nobel Prize in Physics -- Gross, Politzer, Wilczek |
06 Oct 2004 12:50:03 PM |
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On 5 Oct 2004 13:13:29 -0700, wrote:
Sam Wormley <swormley1@mchsi.com> wrote in message news:<wix8d.309427$mD.290450@attbi_s02>...
THE 2004 PHYSICS NOBEL PRIZE goes to David J. Gross (Kavli
Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara), H. David
Politzer (Caltech), and Frank Wilczek (MIT) for their discovery of
asymptotic freedom, according to which the interaction between
quarks inside nuclear particles such as protons and neutrons
actually gets weaker the closer the quarks are to each other and
stronger the farther they are apart.
[snip]
Vindicating at last the Asymptotic Freedom Fighters. Recalling a
series of t-shirts worn around physics departments in the early
1980s.
Socks
Interaction is "much like a rubber band"?
Do they have the elastic coefficient for this member? How many newtons
per meter? Or is it just a strong hunch?
Mr. Dual Space
(If you have something to say, write an equation.
If you have nothing to say, write an essay).
.
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| User: "Steve Harris" |
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| Title: Re: The Nobel Prize in Physics -- Gross, Politzer, Wilczek |
06 Oct 2004 10:11:07 PM |
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John C. Polasek <jpolasek@cfl.rr.com> wrote in message news:<m4c8m05epm3hhl49llrjsd6canec7gb6ol@4ax.com>...
On 5 Oct 2004 13:13:29 -0700, wrote:
Sam Wormley <swormley1@mchsi.com> wrote in message news:<wix8d.309427$mD.290450@attbi_s02>...
THE 2004 PHYSICS NOBEL PRIZE goes to David J. Gross (Kavli
Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara), H. David
Politzer (Caltech), and Frank Wilczek (MIT) for their discovery of
asymptotic freedom, according to which the interaction between
quarks inside nuclear particles such as protons and neutrons
actually gets weaker the closer the quarks are to each other and
stronger the farther they are apart.
[snip]
Vindicating at last the Asymptotic Freedom Fighters. Recalling a
series of t-shirts worn around physics departments in the early
1980s.
Socks
Interaction is "much like a rubber band"?
Do they have the elastic coefficient for this member? How many newtons
per meter? Or is it just a strong hunch?
Mr. Dual Space
(If you have something to say, write an equation.
If you have nothing to say, write an essay).
COMMENT:
It isn't "much like a rubber band" because of course there is no
elastic coefficient. The force for a highly separated set of quarks is
constant, and independent of distance. It's thought to be on the order
of 160 MeV per fermi, which is 2e4 Newtons or so. Call it two metric
tons.
SBH
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| User: "John C. Polasek" |
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| Title: Re: The Nobel Prize in Physics -- Gross, Politzer, Wilczek |
07 Oct 2004 01:06:21 PM |
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On 6 Oct 2004 20:11:07 -0700, (Steve Harris
sbharris@ROMAN9.netcom.com) wrote:
John C. Polasek <jpolasek@cfl.rr.com> wrote in message news:<m4c8m05epm3hhl49llrjsd6canec7gb6ol@4ax.com>...
On 5 Oct 2004 13:13:29 -0700, wrote:
Sam Wormley <swormley1@mchsi.com> wrote in message news:<wix8d.309427$mD.290450@attbi_s02>...
THE 2004 PHYSICS NOBEL PRIZE goes to David J. Gross (Kavli
Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara), H. David
Politzer (Caltech), and Frank Wilczek (MIT) for their discovery of
asymptotic freedom, according to which the interaction between
quarks inside nuclear particles such as protons and neutrons
actually gets weaker the closer the quarks are to each other and
stronger the farther they are apart.
[snip]
Vindicating at last the Asymptotic Freedom Fighters. Recalling a
series of t-shirts worn around physics departments in the early
1980s.
Socks
Interaction is "much like a rubber band"?
Do they have the elastic coefficient for this member? How many newtons
per meter? Or is it just a strong hunch?
Mr. Dual Space
(If you have something to say, write an equation.
If you have nothing to say, write an essay).
COMMENT:
It isn't "much like a rubber band" because of course there is no
elastic coefficient. The force for a highly separated set of quarks is
constant, and independent of distance. It's thought to be on the order
of 160 MeV per fermi, which is 2e4 Newtons or so. Call it two metric
tons.
SBH
The text implies there is an elastic coefficient as they say the force
is dependent on distance. Quoting from msg. 1 in this thread, (and
another one alluded to the rubber band):
"for their discovery of asymptotic freedom, according to which the
interaction between quarks inside nuclear particles such as protons
and neutrons actually gets weaker the closer the quarks are to each
other and stronger the farther they are apart".
These apparently are not highly separated as you assumed. Even with an
elastic coefficient there might seem to be a constant force at great
distances, but what mechanism would produce a constant force?
Mr. Dual Space
(If you have something to say, write an equation.
If you have nothing to say, write an essay).
.
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| User: "Mike" |
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| Title: Re: The Nobel Prize in Physics -- Gross, Politzer, Wilczek |
05 Oct 2004 02:22:02 PM |
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Sam Wormley <swormley1@mchsi.com> wrote in message news:<wix8d.309427$mD.290450@attbi_s02>...
The Nobel Prize in Physics -- Gross, Politzer, Wilczek
http://nobelprize.org/physics/laureates/2004/
http://www.aip.org/pnu/2004/split/703-1.html
[snip]
Nobel price in metaphysics that is.
Mike
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