Timeline To Global Governance
by Doug Lunney - Winnipeg Sun
http://www.canoe.com/CNEWSTopNews/crop_jul4.html
7-4-00
1891 The Society of the Elect and the Association of Helpers - (also
known as the "Secret Society,"), was created by Cecil Rhodes, Alfred
Milner, William T. Stead, Reginald Baliol Brett, and Lord Esher, in
London. Rhodes died in 1902, leaving the society, and his fortune,
under the control of Milner, who established the Rhodes Scholar
program. Good background here.
1910 The Round Table - a periodical, first published by Milner's
"Secret Society" for Britain's intellectual community. The writers,
and those associated with the publication became known as the Round
Table Group, and later, the Chatham House crowd. Comprehensive
background.
1912 Edward Mandell House - publishes Philip Dru: Administrator,a
novel describing how the world could best be governed by a benevolent
administrator. House traveled in Europe in 1909, and met Woodrow
Wilson November 25, 1911. Chronology: Met Sir Edward Grey (member of
Milner's group) in 1913..
1913 Woodrow Wilson, U.S. President - Edward Mandell House served as
Wilson's campaign manager, and then as chief advisor. Franklin D.
Roosevelt appointed Assistant Secretary of the Navy. Federal Reserve
Act (M) enacted - creating the first "central bank" in America. Paul
Warberg, whose family controlled the Reichsbank in Germany, was the
architect of the system.
1914 World War I Begins - Wilson campaigned against U.S. entry into
the war, then entered the war in 1917, one year before it ended.
1918 Wilson's 14 Points - presented to a joint session of Congress on
January 8. The document was developed by Colonel Mandell House and
advisors known as the "Inquiry." The League of Nations - first
proposed in The Round Table, in December, in an article entitled The
League of Nations: A Practical Suggestion, written by Edward Mandell
House and Lionel Curtis, a member of the original Rhodes/Milner
"Secret Soceity."
1919 Paris Peace Conference - House is Wilson's chief deputy at the
conference where he expanded his association with leaders of the
Milner group. Genesis of the CFR and RIIA - At a meeting on May 30, at
the Majestic Hotel in Paris, Edward M. House, Lionel Curtis, Lord
Eustace Percy, Harold Temperley, Herbert Hoover, Christian Herter,
James T. Shotwell (Columbia), Charles Seymore (Yale), Archibald C.
Coolidge (Harvard), were among 50 individuals who decided to create
the Council on Foreign Relations in the U.S., and the Royal Institute
of International Affairs in London. The Treaty of Versailles - signed
June 28, ended the war and incorporated The Covenant of the League of
Nations as the first 30 Articles - very much as had been proposed by
House and Curtis.
1920 League of Nations rejected by U.S. Senate - despite herculean
efforts on both sides of the Atlantic. Royal Institute of
International Affairs - organized by the Milner group, housed at the
Chatham House in London.
1921 Council on Foreign Relations - organized as U.S. counterpart to
Royal Institute of International Affairs. John W. Davis, attorney to
J.P. Morgan, was first president. Paul Warberg and J.D. Rockefeller
were among initial funders. Began publishing Foreign Affairs in 1922.
Described by Senator Barry Goldwater in 1979.
1925 Mein Kampf - published by Adolf Hitler.
1929 Stock Market Crash - Sets the stage for world wide depression,
international response, and another war.
1930 Bank of International Settlements (M) - created in Basel,
Switzerland. J.P. Morgan & Company, and others involved with the
creation of the Federal Reserve, were among the founders.
1932 Franklin D. Roosevelt - begins his presidency amid the great
depression. "The New Deal" was formulated by leftist, Henry A.
Wallace, Secretary of Agriculture, and Secretary of State, Cordell
Hulll, who, as a Senator, supported Wilson's League of Nations. Hull
began drafting a United Nations Charter two weeks after Pearl Harbor.
1933 The Wilderness Society - founded by Bob Marshall, a socialist.
1936 National Wildlife Federation - founded.
1938 World marches toward war - A chronology of events leading to
World War II, the event which gave rise to the United Nations.
1941 FDR delivers "Four Freedoms" speech - (January 6), and the
Atlantic Conference (August 14), embody the idea of disarming
sovereign nations under international authority. Declaration of War on
Japan (December 8); Declaration of War on Germany (December 11).
1942 Declaration by "United Nations" - first official use of the name
"United Nations," suggested by Roosevelt. Chronnology of related
events.
1943 Moscow Conference - Articles 5 - 7 refer to "United Nations" and
post-war permanent organization. United Nations Association - created
by Eleanor Roosevelt.
1944 Bretton Woods Agreements - created the World Bank (M), and the
International Monetary Fund (M). Henry Morganthau delivered the
closing address. (Background and conference details.) Dumbarton Oaks
Conversations - produce the draft recommendations for a United Nations
organization. The U.S. Team, led by Edward Stettinius, included Alger
Hiss, Ralph Bunche, Leo Pasvolsky, and Grayson Kirk. Overview of the
meeting.
1945 Yalta Conference - (February) reached agreement on U.N. draft
recommendations and set the date for U.N. conference. Germany
surrenders (May 7). U.N. Charter - signed June 26, in San Francisco.
Ratified by Senate (89-2) July 28. International Court of Justice -
established in The Hague. August 6, & 9, atomic bombs dropped on
Japan. Japan surrenders (August 14). UNESCO - created in London,
November 16.
1946 U.S. joins UNESCO - Julian Huxley, president of the Eugenics
Society, and author of "The New Divinity", first Director. Socialist
Joseph Needham, appointed Director of Natural Science. World Health
Organization created.
1947 World Federalist Association - founded in Asheville, North
Carolina World Federalist Movement - founded in Switzerland.
1948 IUCN Created - by Julian Huxley, in Geneva. Headquarters in
Gland, Switzerland The U.S. Government, and several agencies are
members. Universal Declaration of Human Rights - adopted by U.N.
General Assembly Environmental Education - concept introduced to the
U.N. by the IUCN.
1949 UNESCO Publication 356 (M) - "Toward World Understanding."
1951 The Nature Conservancy - organized.
1959 United Nations Development Program - evolved to maturity.
1960 Temple of Understanding - organized in New York. Dr. Robert
Muller on Advisory Board.
1961 Freedom From War (M) - State Department Publication 7277, setting
forth U.S. disarmament policy in favor of U.N. peacekeeping. World
Wildlife Fund - organized by Julian Huxley and IUCN.
1964 Wilderness Act of 1964 - and how it came to be. UNCTAD - United
Nations Conference on Trade and Development established.
1968 ECOSOC Resolution 1296 - directed by Dr. Robert Muller,
establishes "Consultative Status" for NGOs (non-government
organizations). Lucis Trust among first NGOs accredited. Club of Rome
- organized, and published Limits to Growth.
1970 First Earth Day - founder, Gaylord Nelson. Another view of Earth
Day. World Conference on Religion and Peace - opened headquartrs at
the U.N. Center. Held conference in Kyoto, Japan, was accredited by
ECOSOC in 1973. Environmental Protection Agency - created.
1971 RAMSAR Treaty on Wetlands - signed in Ramsar, Iran. IUCN driving
force behind RAMSAR.
1972 Clean Water Act - passed by Congress. Wetland definition expanded
by lawsuit brought by National Wildlife Federation, resulting in
"Tulloch" decision in 1993. Tulloch overturned in 1997. World Heritage
Convention - adopted by UNESCO. Technical Review. Earth Summit I -
First U.N. Conference on Environment. Maurice Strong Conference
leader. James Parks Morton became dean of the Cathedral of St. John
the Divine in New York City.
1973 CITES Signed - (March 3 - Convention on International Trade in
Endangered Species). IUCN and WWF driving force behind CITES.
Endangered Species Act - became U.S. law. U.N. Environment Program -
launched with Maurice Strong first Executive Director. Trilateral
Commission - formed, most participants also members of Council on
Foreign Relations. UNEP's Regional Seas Program - expands
environmental outreach. Survey of U.S. participation.
1975 Belgrade Charter - Global Framework for Environmental Education..
Promoted by NAAEE
1976 HABITAT I - adopts U.N. policy on land. William K. Reilly and
Carla Hills signed for U.S. Federal Land Policy Management Act -
adopted. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights -
becomes international law. UNIFEM - created to promote womens' rights.
1978 Global Taxation - first proposed by James Tobin. Current status..
1979 U.S. MAB (M) - (Man and the Biosphere Program) launched by agency
agreement with UNESCO. First World Climate Conference - held in
Geneva, Switzerland. World Core Curriculum - introduced by Dr. Robert
Muller, through the Robert Mullers Schools. CEDAW - (Convention on the
Elemination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women) adopted by
the U.N. General Assembly.
1980 World Conservation Strategy - published jointly by UNEP, IUCN,
and WWF. MacBride Commission - (International Commission for the Study
of Communications Problems. Report: Many Voices, One World. Chaired by
Sean MacBride. Early efforts to control communications. Brandt
Commission - (Independent Commission on International Development)
chaired by Willy Brandt. Report: North-South: A Program for Survival
linked economic equity to development and was beginning of
"sustainable development" concept.
1982 Palme Commission - (Independent Commission on Disarmament and
Security Issues). Report: Common Security: A Blueprint For Survival
linked security to development. Chaired by Olof Palme. World Resources
Institute - organized with help from Russell E. Train.. Gustave Speth
first director. World Charter for Nature - precursor to the Earth
Charter. U.N. Convention on the Law of the seas - which created the
International Seabed Authority.
1985 U.N. Convention on Ozone Depleting Substances - adopted in
Vienna, Austria.
1987 Montreal Protocol - converts voluntary Ozone Treaty into
international law. Brundtland Commission - (World Commission on
Environment and Development). Report: Our Common Future, which defined
"sustainable development". Chaired by Gro Harlem Brundtland. Members
included Shridath Ramphal and Maurice Strong (M). Institute for Global
Communications - created by the Tides Fouundtion to facilitate NGO
communications.
1988 Global Forum on Human Survival - held in Oxford, England.
Co-sponsored by the Temple of Understanding and the U.N. Committee on
Parliamentarians and Population, chaired by James Parks Morton. James
Lovelock was the featured speaker. Complete background here (M).
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change - created by WMO and ENEP.
1989 Berlin Wall falls - (November 9), USSR begins to disintegrate.
Convention on Rights of the Child - adopted by the U.N. Climate Action
Network - created in Germany to promote climate treaty.
1990 Global Forum on Human Survival - held in Moscow, hosted by
Mikhail Gorbechev, and Javier Perez de Cuellar, chaired by James Parks
Morton. World Summit for Children - held in New York; adopted Plan of
Action. Women's Environment and Development Organization (WEDO) -
created by Bella Abzug. International Council for Local Environmental
Initiatives (ICLEI) - created at the invitation of the U.N.,to advance
Agenda 21 at the local level.
1991 Caring for the Earth - published jointly by UNEP, IUCN, and WWF.
Stockholm Initiative on Global Security and Governance - origin of
Commission on Global Goverance.
1992 Commission on Global Governance - established. Willy Brandt, with
the blessings of Boutros Boutros-Ghali, appointed Ingvar Carlsson and
Shridath Ramphal (IUCN president) as co-chairs. Global Biodiversity
Strategy - published jointly by UNEP, IUCN, WWF, and WRI. U.N.
Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) - Rio de Janeiro.
Chaired by Maurice Strong. Produced: Agenda 21; Convention on
Biological Diversity; Framework Convention on Climate Change;
Statement of Forest Principles; and the Rio Declaration. U.N.
Commission on Sustainable Development - created to advance Agenda 21.
Earth Council - created in Costa Rica by Maurice Strong to coordinate
global implementation of Agenda 21 through "National Councils" on
Sustainable Development. National Religious Partnership for the
Environment - outgrowth of Temple of Understanding's "Joint Appeal."
The Wildlands Project - published by Dave Foreman, co-founder of Earth
First!. Project seeks to convert half of America to wilderness.
1993 President's Council on Sustainable Development - created by
Executive Order No. 12852 to implement Agenda 21 in America,
co-chaired by WRI president, Jonathan Lash. First Meridian Conference
on Global Governance - held in Bolinas, California. World Conference
on Human Rights - in Vienna. Green Cross - founded by Mikhail
Gorbachev. BIONET - created to promote Convention on Biological
Diversity.
1994 World Trade Organization - formed at Urquay round of GATT
negotiations. U.N. Conference on Population and Development - in Cairo
1995 World Summit on Social Development - in Copenhagen. Commission on
Sustainable Development - met in New York. Fourth World Women's
Congress - in Beijing. Documents. State of the World Forum - San
Francisco, hosted by Mikhail Gorbachev and Maruice Strong. Our Global
Neighborhood - final report released by the Commission on Global
Governance. Analysis - of Commission report. Global Biodiversity
Assessment - released by UNEP. Coordinated by Robert Watson.
1996 U.N. Conference on Human Settlements (HABITAT II) - Istanbul.
Community Sustainability (M), U.S. HUD's report to the conference.
Instanbul Declaration on Human Settlements. Campaign for U.N. Reform -
organized to lobby for global governance.
1997 Al Gore's report - to the U.N. at Rio +5. A broader view of
Agenda 21 implementation. Kyoto Protocol - Adopted in Kyoto, Japan.
Converts voluntary climate change treaty to binding international law.
On-site reports. International Conference on Environment and Society -
sponsored by UNESCO in Thessaloniki. Survey of environmnetal education
movement.
1998 International Criminal Court - created in Rome. On-site reports
from Rome. International Action Network on Small Arms (IANSA) -
created to lobby for U.N. gun control. U.N. Climate Change Conference
- in Buenos Aires.
1999 Charter for Global Democracy - consolidates recommendations of
Commission on Global Governance into 12 principles. World NGO
Conference - held in Canada to promote plan for "The Peoples
Assembly." U.N. Climate Change Conference - in Bonn.
2000 Earth Charter - final draft. NGO Millennium Forum - New York,
precursor to "The People's Assembly." Millennium Assembly - New York.
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